臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

船舶碰撞與擱淺常造成船體結構破壞，以致貨品損失與人員傷亡，連帶油汙外洩導致波及海洋環境汙染造成生態浩劫，近年來國際上對海洋環境保護與海洋維護以及對人員安全的重視，為使船舶事故發生所引發損傷降到最低，在船舶航行安全上特別考量。在過去20年中船體外殼多採用雙層殼結構，而1990年代末，也開始有緩衝型船艏之研究與設計，降低船艏剛性與減少撞擊過程中的傷害。本文針對四種不同船艏結構撞擊船側結構，比較不同強度船艏緩衝能力，同時觀察碰撞後破壞影響差異性；船舶發生碰撞後船體運動吸收部分撞擊能量，可降低結構的損壞吸能，而改變船舶撞擊損壞狀況。為探討撞擊過程，船體運動對於撞擊破壞的影響，本文加入不同碰撞情況，分析船舶發生碰撞時，不同撞擊位置與不同撞擊角度，探討撞擊船與被撞船結構破壞狀況，並將船體運動、偏轉對於撞擊破壞的影響納入比較研究。
本文係以LS-DYNA非線性有限元素程式分析船舶碰撞過程，撞擊結構的破壞與穿透等現象；觀察船艏以及船側結構其外殼與內部結構在撞擊過程的破壞狀況，並歸納其破壞模式、抗撞阻力及消能。

Collision and grounding may cause serious injury of ship structure and human beam, the oil may spill on the sea, nowadays in view of saving of the maritime environment and for crews security reasons. In order to prevent this kind of catastrophe and reduce the oil pollution, the double hull and mid-deck structures for tanker were requested, later 1990s the soft bow concept was also proposed to reduce the stiffness of bow structures and improve the capacity of total energy dissipation of ship collision. This study investigated the deformation and damage process of four different types of bow structures and bulk carrier of double hull structures in bow-side collision, and evaluated their crashworthiness, the effects of ship motion doing collision on the collision damaged was also taken into consideration.
The phenomena of rupture and penetration of bow and bulk carrier during ship collision were analyzed using LS-DYNA code. For outside shell and inside web plates, web frame and deck of bow structures, the damage mode and damage status were observed. In addition, their impact force and energy dissipation were compared.

目 錄
致 謝 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iii
目 錄 iv
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
符號表 xii
第一章 導論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2文獻回顧 4
1.3 研究方法 6
第二章 船體結構的基本力學理論 9
2.1 材料力學特性 9
2.2 VON MISES 降伏準則 11
2.3應變率對材料的影響 12
2.4 極限強度與網格大小的關係 14
2.5船體結構雙層殼遭受側向撞擊的破壞模式 15
2.6船舶碰撞理論簡介 20
2.6.1船舶碰撞基本理論 20
2.6.2船舶撞擊運動 22
2.6.3研究內部力學之方法 24
第三章 類球艏結構之抗撞性能分析 31
3.1縱向與橫向肋骨系統之類球艏模型 31
3.1.1分析模型邊界與負載設定 33
3.2類球艏模型撞擊分析之結果 34
3.2.1橫向肋骨系統撞擊剛性板 34
3.2.2縱向肋骨系統撞擊剛性板 35
3.2.3橫向肋骨系統撞擊肋骨加強板 35
3.2.4縱向肋骨系統撞擊肋骨加強板 35
3.2.5肋骨加強板遭受球型艏結構撞擊之變形 41
3.3類船艏撞擊分析討論 43
第四章不同船艏結構靜力分析 47
4.1不同船艏結構分析模型 47
4.1.1船艏模型 49
4.1.2船艏有限元素分析模型 49
4.1.3分析模型邊界與負載設定 51
4.2不同船艏結構靜態分析結果 52
4.2.1各模型靜態分析結果 52
4.2.2靜態分析結果討論 56
4.3不同船艏結構挫曲分析 57
4.3.1各模型挫曲分析結果 59
4.3.2挫曲分析結果討論 62
4.4綜合討論 63
第五章 實船艏撞擊船側不同邊界條件損壞分析 65
5.1撞擊船與被撞船側分析模型 65
5.1.1撞擊船之船艏及被撞船之船側有限元素模型 67
5.1.2分析模型之邊界條件 68
5.2被撞船側不同邊界條件之撞擊分析 70
5.2.1被撞船固定邊界之船側結構 70
5.2.2被撞船自由邊界之船側結構 72
5.3船艏撞擊不同邊界船側分析結果比較 75
第六章 不同船艏型態撞擊散裝貨輪船側結構之撞擊損壞分析 79
6.1撞擊船與被撞船分析模型 79
6.1.1撞擊分析FEM模型 79
6.1.2船舶撞擊模型邊界 81
6.2 不同船艏型態撞擊船側之撞擊損壞分析 82
6.2.1初始設計船艏撞擊船側 82
6.2.2船艏型態A撞擊船側 86
6.2.3船艏型態B撞擊船側 89
6.2.4船艏型態C撞擊船側 93
6.3不同船艏型態撞擊船側分析結果比較 97
第七章 不同撞擊狀況之損壞分析 107
7.1船舶撞擊分析模型 107
7.2不同撞擊狀況之碰撞分析 110
7.2.1 Case1初始設計船艏正向撞擊被撞船重心位置 110
7.2.2 Case2初始設計船艏以45o撞擊被撞船重心位置 112
7.2.3 Case3初始設計船艏正向撞擊被撞船距離重心位置67m 113
7.2.4 Case4初始設計船艏以45o撞擊被撞船距離重心位置67m 115
7.2.5 Case5船艏型態C正向撞擊被撞船重心位置 116
7.2.6 Case6船艏型態C正向撞擊被撞船距離重心位置67m 118
7.3不同撞擊狀況碰撞分析結果比較 120
第八章 結論 127
8.1 結論 127
8.2 未來展望 130
參考文獻 131

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