臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　植物工廠指的是一個封閉或半封閉的高品質蔬菜生長系統，這個系統透過全人工的方式來控制植物生長參數，控制的參數包含：水、光、溫度、濕度以及二氧化碳濃度，所以植物工廠需要高初始建造成本與操作成本，操作成本主要為植物工廠照明與空調的電能消耗。有許多文獻致力於研究如何減少植物工廠電能消耗，但是很少文獻考慮到使用再生能源來取代植物工廠中的傳統空調系統與供電系統。因此，本研究提出一種創新的方法：結合筏基熱交換系統與混合獨立型太陽能風力發電系統對植物工廠進行控溫與供電，打造一座完全使用再生能源運作的零耗能植物工廠。
　　本研究利用計算流體力學軟體ANSYS Icepak建立室內整體降溫模型與植物工廠層架局部降溫模型，完成全年春夏秋冬的系統運轉性能預測，提出三種植物工廠散熱設計方案。與傳統空調機相較之下，模擬結果發現，引進淺層溫能的散熱設計可以達到相近的冷卻能力，低功率的水冷設備更能大幅降低空調電能消耗，室內整體降溫設計的節能效率高達93.5%，植物工場局部降溫設計上，使用散熱風扇進行強制對流冷卻的節能效率高達79.7%，使用風機盤管進行強制對流冷卻的節能效率為23.4%。
　　本研究所得到的溫度模擬數據，對淨零耗能植物工廠系統的環境溫度狀況提供有效的預測，可以做為未來實驗進行時的參考依據。最後，於文末提出太陽能風力發電系統性能測試數據，以及淨零耗能植物工廠系統的成本效益分析結果。

　　Plant factory refers to a closed or semi-closed high-quality growing system for vegetables. The system cultivates vegetables through artificial control of water, light, temperature, moisture, and carbon dioxide concentration, so it requires high initial construction and operation costs. The operation costs are mainly due to the electricity consumption of lighting and air-conditioning. Past research have done much work on reducing plant factory’s electricity consumption, however, little have considered replacing traditional air-conditioning system with renewable energy or constructing an power system for plant factory.　This research innovated a new method to build up net-zero plant factory (NZPF) - by combining mat foundation heat exchanger (MFHE) system and stand-alone hybrid solar-wind (SASW) power system.
　　Performance prediction was conducted by ANSYS Icepak - a novel computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation software, including: two cooling models (basement model and plant factory model), three cooling designs, of four seasons. Both parts’ performance tests were anticipated to be accomplished yearend. First part’s prediction results demonstrated that cooling capacities were identical in both traditional air-conditioning system and mat foundation heat exchanger system. Namely, the latter’s energy conservation benefits analysis displayed that: (1) power consumption of air-conditioning system can be reduced by low-power water cooling apparatus, (2) basement model (indoor environment global cooling model) can achieve its energy conservation efficiency up to 93.5% (3) plant factory model (local cooling model) can achieve its energy conservation efficiency to 23.4% (with jointed fan coil) and up to 79.7% (with forced convection with cooling fan).
　　Temperature simulation data in this study is predictive to a NZPF’s environment temperature, laying foundation to future experiments. Finally, solar-wind power system’s performance test and its experimental data is shown in the end of chapter 4. The net-zero energy plant factory’s cost-benefit analysis presented its payback period as 16.6 years.

CONTENTS
誌謝 II
摘要 V
ABSTRACT VI
CONTENTS VIII
LIST OF FIGURES X
LIST OF TABLES XIV
NOMENCLATURE XV
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Literature Review 2
1.3 Motivation and objective 3
1.3.1 Net-zero energy plant factory 3
1.3.2 Stand-alone hybrid solar-wind power system 4
1.3.3 Shallow geothermal energy system 5
Chapter 2 Performance Investigation of Net-zero Energy Plant Factory 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Experimental Apparatus and Instrument 12
2.3 Experiment Plan 27
Chapter 3 ANSYS Icepak CFD Model 29
3.1 ANSYS Icepak Introduction 29
3.2 ANSYS Icepak Solving Process 30
3.2.1 Developing simulation model’s objects size 30
3.2.2 Selecting the established mesh properties 32
3.2.3 Determining the model’s physical and numerical setting 32
3.2.4 Setting solving situation 37
Chapter 4 Result and Discussion 39
4.1 Basement model description 40
4.1.1 Spring mode 41
4.1.2 Summer mode 48
4.1.3 Autumn mode 54
4.1.4 Winter mode 61
4.2 Plant factory model description 65
4.2.1 Spring and autumn mode 67
4.2.2 Summer mode 74
4.2.3 Winter mode 82
4.3 Simulation results summary 88
4.4 Solar-wind power system operation test 92
4.4.1 Description of experimental system 92
4.4.2 Charging and discharging test of lead-acid batteries 94
4.4.3 All-day float charging test 97
4.4.4 Operating test of plant factory’s load 99
4.5 Economic benefit analysis 102
4.5.1 Energy conservation analysis 102
4.5.2 Cost-benefit analysis 103
Chapter 5 Conclusions 105
5.1 Conclusions 105
5.2 Future work 107
REFERENCES 108


LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2 1 Demonstrate site of net-zero plant factory system 8
Figure 2 2 Perspective view of net-zero plant factory system 9
Figure 2 3 Schematic view of stand-alone hybrid solar-wind power system 9
Figure 2 4 Schematic view of mat foundation heat exchanger system 10
Figure 2 5 Schematic view of plant factory with multi-layers 11
Figure 2 6 Operating mechanism of net-zero plant factory system 12
Figure 2 7 Photographic view of 320W polycrystalline module 13
Figure 2 8 Photographic view of wind turbine 15
Figure 2 9 Photographic view of MPPT charger 16
Figure 2 10 Photographic view of deep cycle lead-acid battery 18
Figure 2 11 Photographic view of pyranometer 19
Figure 2 12 Photographic view of resistance temperature detector 21
Figure 2 13 Photographic view of plant factory with multi-layers 22
Figure 2 14 Photographic view of LED tube 23
Figure 2 15 Photographic view of cooling fan 24
Figure 2 16 Photographic view of bilge submersible pump 25
Figure 2 17 Photographic view of temperature and humidity transmitter 26
Figure 3 1 Schematic view of Icepak basement modeling 31
Figure 3 2 Schematic view of Icepak plant factory modeling 31
Figure 3 3 Schematic view of Icepak mesh setting and quality diagnosis 32
Figure 3 4 Schematic view of Icepak convergence criteria setting 37
Figure 3 5 Icepak advanced solver setting 38
Figure 4 1 Soil temperature stratification in Nantou 39
Figure 4 2 Basement model with shallow geothermal energy 40
Figure 4 3 Spring basement model (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy (c) with shallow geothermal fan coil 43
Figure 4 4 Spring temperature profile (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy (c) with shallow geothermal fan coil 45
Figure 4 5 Spring velocity profile (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy (c) with shallow geothermal fan coil 47
Figure 4 6 Summer basement model (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy (c) with shallow geothermal fan coil 50
Figure 4 7 Summer temperature profile (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow geothermal energy (c) with shallow geothermal fan coil 52
Figure 4 8 Summer velocity profile (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy (c) with shallow geothermal fan coil 54
Figure 4 9 Autumn basement model (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy (c) with shallow geothermal fan coil 56
Figure 4 10 Autumn temperature profile (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy (c) with shallow geothermal fan coil 58
Figure 4 11 Autumn velocity profile (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy (c) with shallow geothermal fan coil 60
Figure 4 12 Winter basement model (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy 62
Figure 4 13 Winter temperature profile (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy 63
Figure 4 14 Winter velocity profile (a) with shallow soil energy (b) with shallow water energy 65
Figure 4 15 Plant factory model in basement with shallow geothermal energy 66
Figure 4 16 Spring and autumn mode plant factory model of cooling design with (a) natural convection (b) forced convection with cooling fan (c) forced convection with fan coil 69
Figure 4 17 Spring and autumn mode plant factory temperature profile of cooling design with (a) natural convection (b) forced convection with cooling fan (c) forced convection with fan coil 71
Figure 4 18 Spring and autumn mode plant factory velocity profile of cooling design with (a) natural convection (b) forced convection with cooling fan (c) forced convection with fan coil 74
Figure 4 19 Summer mode plant factory model of cooling design with (a) natural convection (b) forced convection with cooling fan (c) forced convection with fan coil 77
Figure 4 20 Summer mode plant factory temperature profile of cooling design with (a) natural convection (b) forced convection with cooling fan (c) forced convection with fan coil 79
Figure 4 21 Summer mode plant factory velocity profile of cooling design with (a) natural convection (b) forced convection with cooling fan (c) forced convection with fan coil 82
Figure 4 22 Winter mode plant factory model of cooling design with (a) natural convection (b) forced convection with cooling fan 84
Figure 4 23 Winter mode plant factory temperature profile of cooling design with (a) natural convection (b) forced convection with cooling fan 85
Figure 4 24 Winter mode plant factory velocity profile of cooling design with (a) natural convection (b) forced convection with cooling fan 87
Figure 4 25 Basement Environment Cooling Ratio 90
Figure 4 26 LED Tube Temperature Cooling Ratio 90
Figure 4 27 Plant Factory Environment Temperature Cooling Ratio 91
Figure 4 28 Photographic view of hybrid solar-wind power system 92
Figure 4 29 Photographic view of data acquisition device through RS232 adapter 93
Figure 4 30 Photographic view of data acquisition device through data recorder 94
Figure 4 31 Experimental data of solar panel input voltage on 15th -16th August 2015 95
Figure 4 32 Experimental data of operating voltage on 15th -16th August 2015 95
Figure 4 33 Experimental data of charging current on 15th -16th August 2015 96
Figure 4 34 Experimental data of charging power on 15th -16th August 2015 96
Figure 4 35 Experimental data of solar panel input voltage on 17th -19th August 2015 97
Figure 4 36 Experimental data of operating voltage on 17th -19th August 2015 98
Figure 4 37 Experimental data of charging current on 17th -19th August 2015 98
Figure 4 38 Experimental data of charging power on 17th -19th August 2015 99
Figure 4 39 Experimental data of solar panel input voltage on 20th August 2015 100
Figure 4 40 Experimental data of operating voltage test on 20th August 2015 100
Figure 4 41 Experimental data of operating current test on 20th August 2015 101
Figure 4 42 Experimental data of operating power test on 20th August 2015 101


LIST OF TABLES
Table 2 1 Electrical characteristics at standard test condition (STC) 13
Table 2 2 Electrical characteristics at nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) 13
Table 2 3 Temperature data of 320W polycrystalline module 14
Table 2 4 Mechanical data of 320W polycrystalline module 14
Table 2 5 Product specification of wind turbine 15
Table 2 6 Product specification of MPPT charger 16
Table 2 7 Product specification of deep cycle lead-acid battery 18
Table 2 8 Discharging parameters of deep cycle lead-acid battery 18
Table 2 9 Product specification of pyranometer 20
Table 2 10 Product specification of resistance temperature detector 21
Table 2 11 Product specification of plant factory with multi-layers 22
Table 2 12 Product specification of LED tube 23
Table 2 13 Product specification of cooling fan 24
Table 2 14 Product specification of bilge submersible pump 25
Table 2 15 Product specification of temperature and humidity transmitter 26
Table 4 1 Simulation parameters of basement model 41
Table 4 2 Simulation model of plant factory model 66
Table 4 3 Temperature simulation results of basement model 88
Table 4 4 Temperature simulation results of plant factory model 89
Table 4 5 Energy conservation efficiency analysis of basement model 102
Table 4 6 Energy conservation efficiency analysis of plant factory model 103
Table 4 7 Cost-benefit analysis of net zero plant factory 104

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