臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，油墨和印刷工業突飛猛進，混合辦公室廢紙品（MOW）再利用時之最大困擾除夾雜太多雜質外，非油墨難以完全移除莫屬，以致於成漿中形成汙點。脫墨作業之各項處理，如藥劑添加、機械處理、溫度及濃度控制等，在在影響脫墨效果。本研究之目的即在探討中性條件脫墨處理（鹼性浸漬之後），避免酵素失活之可能性下，化藥與酶如何配合，可使混合辦公室廢紙之脫墨績效達到最佳。
傳統脫墨方式處理混合辦公室廢紙時，2％ NaOH處理之脫墨效果最佳；紙張之白度和綜合強度則以1％ NaOH處理者所得者較佳。脫墨劑添加量對脫墨率無顯著影響，基於成本考量，混合辦公室廢紙之脫墨劑添加量以1％為宜。就本研究之條件言，浮選脫墨時間以15 min較佳，浮選時間延長無益脫墨率之提升。脫墨浮選處理後漿中殘餘油墨之粒徑面積，介於0.02-0.03 mm2。
紙漿濃度顯著影響酶反應之活性，高濃度時活性反應高。酶添加濃度建議以每克絕乾混合辦公室廢紙漿添加1U/mL即可。Lipase酵素未能與廢紙上油墨發生反應，故以Lipase助脫墨之作法仍有待商榷。本研究範圍內，酶之施用對脫墨效率之提升無顯著助益。然Cellulase處理後，紙漿游離度較高，Amylase處理後，紙漿游離度呈微幅下降之勢。本研究水質對酶助脫墨無顯著影響。酶處理廢紙時間以30 min為宜。
本研究設計之浮選脫墨槽原擬藉其高轉數提升水剪力，以利油墨與纖維於浮選槽中進一步分離，期能提高脫墨率。結果顯示，影印廢紙以傳統方式處理即可有效達到高脫墨率，惟收率偏低。未來擬選過程試行噴灑界面活性劑，以提高脫墨效率及紙漿收率。
廢紙漿脫墨率以CNS標準方式與影像分析測定所得結果雖近似，然影像分析法之脫墨率數值因紙張測定時擷取面積大小與汙點分佈不均之影響而有落差，目前影像分析測定法仍未有標準供參照，建議應盡速訂定規範。

The ink manufacturing and printing industries made progresses by leaps and bounds in recent years, and consequently caused much difficulties in ink removal while recycling mixed office waste paper（MOW）. The puzzle encountered in removing printing inks resulted in dirt remnants on the paper thus made. A whole spectrum of processing involved in deinking；Such as chemical charge, mechanical processing, temperature and pulp consistency controls, all will influence the efficiency of ink removal. The objective of this study is to explore the optimum conditions of the combined use of chemicals and enzymes as well to achieve the maximum effect of deinking.
The experimental results showed that, the use of 2％ NaOH in a conventional deinked process of MOW resulted in the best ink removal, while a better brightness and strength index were able to reach with the addition of only 1％ NaOH. No significant difference was observed between the addition of surfactants（deinking agent）or not. It is therefore suggested to use only 1％ surfactant when cost is the most concerned factor. The best flotation time under all the specified deinking condition was 15 min. The speck removal rate maintained unchanged at longer flotation process. The average diameter of the residual ink particles ranged between 0.02mm2 and 0.03mm2.


The activity of enzyme is significantly affected by pulp consistency. Higher consistency facilitates better enzyme activity. The enzyme charge is suggested to be 1U/mL for each OD gram of MOW. The effectiveness of lipase-assisted deinking is questionable due to the non-reaction of lipase with ink particles. It is obvious in the domain of this study that enzyme addition has no effect on deinking efficiency, though pulp freeness increases after cellulase pretreatment, decreases after the amylase pretreatment. The water quality has no effect on enzyme-assisted deinking. Thirty-minute was found to be the optimum enzyme processing time.
The high rotation speed of the flotation tank designed to acquire adequate rotation shear force for a better ink particles separation was not successful in this regard. The pretty high deinking rate was accompanied by unexpected low pulp yield through conventional treatment, probably because of the too high rotation speed. A simultaneous spraying operation during the process of flotation is recommended in the future to enhance speck removal rate and pulp yield.
The residual ink remnant areas derived from CNS standard method and image analysis process were of high similarity. The ink speck removal rate obtained by image analysis varied depending on the area sampled and dirt spots as well. The standardized of image analysis method is still missing and is suggested to be established.

目 錄
摘要------------------------------------------------------------ I
Abstract------------------------------------------------------- III
誌謝------------------------------------------------------------ V
目錄------------------------------------------------------------ VI
圖表目錄--------------------------------------------------------- VIII
壹、緒論--------------------------------------------------------- 1
一、研究背景---------------------------------------------------- 1
二、研究目的---------------------------------------------------- 4
貳、文獻回顧------------------------------------------------------ 5
一、影印紙之印刷------------------------------------------------ 5
二、油墨------------------------------------------------------- 6
三、廢紙中之非纖維成分-------------------------------------------- 9
四、脫墨機制-----------------------------------------------------9
五、脫墨法------------------------------------------------------- 11
六、界面活性劑--------------------------------------------------- 14
七、酶---------------------------------------------------------- 15
叁、傳統脫墨試驗--------------------------------------------------- 25
一、材料與儀器設備------------------------------------------------ 25
二、方法--------------------------------------------------------- 28
三、結果與討論-------------------------------------------------- 31
（一）脫墨率----------------------------------------------------- 31
（二）回收漿收率------------------------------------------------- 34
（三）回收漿游離度----------------------------------------------- 35
（四）回收漿之白度----------------------------------------------- 38
（五）紙張性質-------------------------------------------------- 39

肆、酶活性測定----------------------------------------------------- 42
一、材料與儀器設備----------------------------------------------- 42
二、方法--------------------------------------------------------- 44
三、結果與討論---------------------------------------------------- 50
（一）Amylase與Cellulase之活性------------------------------------ 50
（二）Lipase活性測定---------------------------------------------- 53
伍、酶輔助脫墨------------------------------------------------------ 54
一、脫墨試驗------------------------------------------------------ 54
（一）材料與儀器設備----------------------------------------------- 54
（二）方法-------------------------------------------------------- 54
（三）結果與討論-------------------------------------------------- 55
1. 脫墨率---------------------------------------------------- 55
2. 回收漿收率----------------------------------------------- 57
3. 游離度--------------------------------------------------- 58
4. 白度----------------------------------------------------- 60
5. 紙張性質------------------------------------------------- 61
二、水質對酶脫墨之影響-------------------------------------------- 65
（一）方法------------------------------------------------------- 65
（二）結果與討論------------------------------------------------- 66
三、酶處理時間對脫墨之影響---------------------------------------- 68
（一）方法------------------------------------------------------ 68
（二）結果與討論------------------------------------------------ 68
陸、結論與建議------------------------------------------------------ 72
參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------- 74
附錄-------------------------------------------------------------- 79
作者簡介----------------------------------------------------------- 87

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