臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文旨在探討《英倫情人》與《阿尼爾的鬼魂》中後戰爭/創傷身份認同之重建以及翁達吉對後殖民認同的論述。這兩本小說中的主要角色因錯置、創傷或後獨立時期內戰所造成的國家混亂而遭遇身分認同危機，造成其認同感分裂且破碎。雖因戰爭所導致人物的認同危機，翁達吉並不試圖在世界大戰與內戰的瓦礫殘堆中替他的角色們建構一個集體的或國家認同。反之，他強調與突顯每個角色如何克服創傷的過程以及角色自我重建所發出的反殖民與反權力聲音。在重建的過程中，透過挖掘個人及公共歷史、人與人之間的相互溝通的兩大主要治療方式，這些人物不僅能夠逐漸走出創傷的陰影，並進而能夠與他們所處的社會、政治環境及歷史對話，瞭解自己應如何在這被戰爭破壞了的大環境中處身。這樣重視治療過程及不導向一個固定認同的論述呼應霍爾所主張的概念，即身分是不斷地被建構在特殊歷史情境中的認同。但在視身份認同為不固定的建構下，翁達吉進而從更廣的角度去探討（後殖民）個體與整個人類世界、「地球」的關係。
第一章探討《英倫情人》中角色因第二次世界大戰所造成認同分裂的流離失所及創傷經驗，進而由角色的後殖民抗拒與「回家」去討論角色自己在戰後初期的定位。第二章討論《阿尼爾的鬼魂》中斯里蘭卡內戰所引起的「國家病」如何直接或間接造成斯里蘭卡人的創傷及認同問題。而角色修補自我的與文化的裂痕，並不意味著斯里蘭卡國家或文化認同的建立；相反的，自我重建的意義在於角色個人的文化認同。如此一來突顯斯里蘭卡認同問題的多樣性及複雜性。最後總結由翁達吉的宇宙哲學角度出發，檢視他呈現地球上的自然要素質疑人類世界所劃分及建構出來的界線，探討翁達吉所試圖建構的，人類在整個「地球」上的認同與位置。

Abstract
This thesis is an examination of post-war/trauma identity reconstructions and Ondaatje’s treatment of post-colonial identities in The English Patient and Anil’s Ghost. The protagonists in the two novels all meet identity crisis because of dislocation in the wartime, traumas or post-independence chaotic conditions, and their identifications become split and fragmentary. Instead of constructing a collective or national identity responding to the public conflicts, Ondaatje emphasizes the processes of individual’s surviving traumas and the meaning of anti-colonization and anti-authority self-reconstructions convey. The healing methods, the excavation of personal and public histories and interpersonal communication, not only assist the characters to move beyond traumas but also invoke dialogues between them and the socio-political contexts they inhabit. The processes of self-construction respond to Stuart Hall’s notion of identity as an ongoing process of identification. Ondaatje, furthermore, places his characters in a broader context of “earth,” which is a concept of wholeness as well as fluidity, to explore the connection among individuals, human world and “earth.” From this cosmic perspective, Ondaatje constructs an “earthly community” for his characters.
Chapter One discusses the reconstructions of diaspora subjects particularly from their traumatic experiences in World War Two and how they re-locate themselves in the early post-war period. Chapter Two examines how the migrant and the natives of Sri Lanka perceive and survive the civil war, and suggests self-reconstructions as the characters’ own identifications with the country. The concluding chapter deals with Ondaatje’s meta/physics of identity, which transcends human physical boundaries without ignoring the social and historical conditions.

Contents
Introduction..................................................1
Chapter One The English Patient: Reconstructions of Diaspora Identities...................................................15
(I) “international bastards”: diaspora............... 16
(II) Survive Traumas.....................................24
(III) Resistance and Homecoming..........................39
Chapter Two The Politics of “Truth” in Anil’s Ghost.....46
(I) Fragmentations: Politics, History and “Truth”.....48
(II) Naming “Ghost-Truth”..............................56
(III) Diversity of Sri Lankan Identity...................70
Conclusion Meta/physics of Identity......................80
Works Cited..................................................96

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