臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究將探討人工濕地在不同污水淨化處理單元中生物多樣性之變化，以評估濕地之功能穩定性。本研究場址位於大鵬灣林邊大排右岸B區人工濕地，於2010年七月至2011年五月調查不同階段水池中大型底棲無脊椎動物之群聚變化，同時檢測環境底泥中有機物及營養鹽濃度含量，研究兩者之間之影響關係，以了解人工濕地於工程後之處理功能。
在本研究結果顯示，底泥有機物及營養鹽有隨著月份而增加的趨勢，其中營養鹽氨氮濃度以五月為最高(ANOVA, p<0.05)，在底泥平均粒徑的結果顯示，進水口測站是所有測站中最高的(ANOVA, p<0.05)，而以十一月的結果與其他月分有明顯的不同(ANOVA, p<0.05)，另外，大型底棲無脊椎動物群聚的結果顯示，溫度與物種多樣性(H’)、物種豐富度(d)及物種均勻(J’)度呈負相關(r=-387[H’]；-533[d]；-438[J’])，而物種多樣性有隨著底泥中氮有機營養鹽濃度增加而上升(r=0.492[TKN]；0.408[NH3-N]；0.493[org-N])，隨後又因為濃度過高而降低，而與平均粒徑及溶氧呈負相關(r=-0.402[Particle size]；-0.287[DO])，顯示底棲生物群聚會受到季節氣候及氮有機營養鹽濃度和底泥平均粒徑的影響而改變。另外在主成分分析的結果顯示，底泥平均粒徑及底泥中的org-N、NH3-N、TKN及TOC為主要的影響因子，說明底泥平均粒徑的大小和有機物及營養鹽濃度會對於生物的群聚分布產生影響，證明此人工濕地主要是針對廢污水處理，對於濕地中的生物多樣性的並不是主要目標，所以造成在此人工濕地中底棲的生態生物多樣性並沒有良好的成效。

The objectives of this study are to investigate the biodiversity in different unit of treatment systems, and to detect the function in a salt water type of constructed wetland. We investigated the benthic invertebrate community in different stage from 2010 July to 2011 May, while the parameters of TKN, NH3-N, organic nitrogen, TP, TOC and particle size were measured in the sediments of each sampling site at the same time in the wetland system.
The results show that concentrations of organic matter and nutrients in the sediments were increased with time monthly. In May of 2010, the concentration of NH3-N were found the highest one(ANOVA, p<0.05). The particle size in sampling site 1 were the highest (ANOVA, p<0.05), while in November of 2010 all sampling sites were found exhibiting significantly different with other months (ANOVA, p<0.05). Further more, for the diversity of benthic invertebrate, we found that the parameter of the temperature was strongly negatively related to the species diversity, species abundance and species evenness, respectively (r=-387[H’]；-533[d]；-438[J’] ). The species diversity was increased with organic nitrogen concentrations in the sediments (r=0.492[TKN]；0.408[NH3-N]；0.493[org-N]), and were negatively related to the parameters of DO and particle size(r=-0.402[Particle size]；-0.287[DO] ). In addition, PCA shows that the parameters of particle size、org-N、NH3-N、TKN and TOC were all important factors. Generally, it was concluded that the constructed systems, which is functioned of wetland was wastewater treatment mainly, exhibit no significant function in biodiversity.

摘要……………i
Abstract……………ii
目錄……………iii
圖目錄……………v
表目錄……………vi
第一章 前言 ……………1
1.1研究動機……………1
1.2研究方向與目的……………1
第二章 文獻回顧……………2
2-1濕地生態……………2
2-2濕地生物多樣性……………4
2-3西南沿岸現況探討……………6
2-4大鵬灣生態調查案例…………… 7
第三章 材料與方法……………9
3-1採樣方法與場址……………9
3-2生物的多樣性指數……………11
3-2-1物種多樣性……………12
3-2-2生物豐富度……………13
3-2-3生物均勻度……………13
3-3水質資料檢測……………13
3-4底泥分析……………14
3-4-1土壤總凱氏氮……………14
3-4-2土壤氨氮……………14
3-4-3土壤有機氮……………14
3-4-4土壤總磷……………14
3-4-5土壤總有機碳……………15
3-4-6底泥粒徑分析……………15
3-5統計分析……………16
3-5-1生物群集分析(Cluster Analysis)……………16
3-5-2參數顯著性分析(Similarity profile, SIMPROF)……………17
3-5-3主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis, PCA)……………17
3-5-4生物與環境資料分析(BIO-ENV analysis)……………17
3-5-5數據分析……………18
第四章 結果 19
4-1 水質環境因子……………19
4-1-1 溫度……………19
4-1-2 鹽度……………19
4-1-3 溶氧……………20
4-1-4 氫離子濃度(pH)值 ……………20
4-2底層基質環境因子 22
4-2-1底泥平均粒徑……………22
4-2-2底泥中含有機氮營養鹽……………22
4-2-3底泥中總磷……………24
4-2-4底泥中總有機碳……………25
4-3底棲無脊椎動物的生物多樣性……………27
4-3-1生物量與總個體數 27
4-3-2物種多樣性……………28
4-3-4物種豐富度……………28
4-3-5物種均勻度……………29
4-4生物環境群集分析……………34
4-5生物環境主成分分析 ……………38
4-6生物群聚與環境因子的相關性分析……………45
第五章 討論 ……………48
5-1底棲無脊椎動物的生物多樣性……………48
5-2環境與底棲無脊椎動物群聚之關係……………51
5-2-1生物環境群集分析……………51
5-2-2生物環境主成分分析……………53
5-3生物群聚與環境因子的相關性分析……………59
第六章 結論與建議……………61
6-1結論……………61
6-2建議……………62
參考文獻……………63
附錄……………67

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