臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

搜集台灣及6個其他地區芋種原，包括Colocasia屬30個樣品(KCC)和Xanthosoma屬14個樣品(KCX)，利用外觀形態、RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphism DNA)和SSR (simple sequence repeat)三種方法進行其遺傳岐異度之研究。以28項地上部性狀、9項地下部性狀及2項指標性指數所得資料進行UPGMA群叢分析，可將44個樣品依屬區分成2群組，遺傳相似度為0.32。相似度為0.45之30個KCC樣品可細分成3亞群，KCC175以0.57之相似度獨立成群，第二亞群由14個樣品組成，相似度為0.52，此群內包括葉脈為淺白色及綠色，母芋肉紋色為白色且細少者，其餘15個樣品組成相似度為0.57之第三亞群，葉脈為紫色，肉紋為紫色且較粗的大部分樣品歸於此群內。14個KCX樣品之遺傳相似度在0.66以上。
RAPD分析中，自87個逢機引子中篩選出15個具多型性之引子，共產生221個條帶，平均每個引子可產生10.4個條帶，多型性比率為98.2%。44個樣品依屬區分成0.41相似度之二群，屬內最低遺傳相似度以KCX樣品之0.85較KCC樣品之0.71為高，除KCX002之0.85相似度為14個KCX 樣品中最低而可區分外，其他13個無法被區分。卅個KCC樣品可細分成8個亞群，其中KCC131及132組成0.71相似度之第一亞群，KCC002、004、062及064分別以0.77、0.81、0.78及0.84之相似度單獨成群，KCC029及KCC050組成相似度為0.85之第四亞群，KCC145、169及CHC01則為0.84相似度之第六亞群。第八亞群由19個樣品組成，相似度為0.85。
以49組SSR引子分析KCC樣品，選出13組具多型性之引子，共產生73個條帶，平均每組引子可產生5.2個多型性條帶，多型性比率為93.2%。30個KCC樣品被區分成遺傳相似度為0.72之5群，由KCC029、050及062組成遺傳相似度為0.74之第一群，KCC131及132組成遺傳相似度為0.96之第二群，兩群間相似度為0.60。第三亞群由6個樣品組成，相似度為0.78，KCC002、004及064則為第四群，相似度為0.74。第5亞群由其餘16個樣品組成，相似度為0.72。
由本研究結果可知，芋種源鑑定方法可由園藝性狀如葉緣及葉脈顏色、球莖形態及母芋肉紋及肉紋色進行初步分群，群內以分子標誌分析，RAPD至少使用2個，SSR至使用4組引子以有效鑑別並瞭解種原間之相似性關係。

Abstract
The genetic diversity of 30 Colocasia (KCC) and 14 Xanthosoma (KCX) accessions collected from Taiwan and other places were evaluated by morphological traits, RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and SSR (simple sequence repeats). Data for 28 characters of shoot, 9 characters of corm and 2 indexes were subjected to a genetic diversity analysis and the UPGMA cluster analysis was performed. The 44 accessions were clustered into 2 groups according to genus with genetic similarity of 0.32. The Colocasia accessions were clustered into 3 subgroups. KCC175 was independence from other accessions with 0.57 similarities. The second subgroup was composed of 14 accessions with the genetic similarity of 0.52 which included accessions with whitish or green leaf vein, corm flesh with slightly fibrous and white in color. The others comprised the third subgroup with the genetic similarity beyond 0.66. Most of the accessions with purple leaf vein, corm flesh with very fibrous and purple in color were included in this group.
A total of 221 RAPD bands, which a means of 10.4 band by each primer, were generated using 15 out of 88 primers in the RAPD analysis. The polymorphism was 98.2%. All accessions were clustered into 2 groups in the RAPD analysis. The similarity within KCX accessions was 0.85 compared to 0.71 within KCC accessions. All KCX accessions except KCX002 were indistinguishable. All KCC accessions were clustered into 8 subgroups. KCC131 and 132 were in the first subgroup with genetic similarity 0.71. KCC002, 004, 062 and 064 were the only accession in subgroup with 0.77, 0.81, 0.78 and 0.84 similarities respectively. The 4th subgroup consisted of KCC029 and 050 which similarity was 0.85. The 6th subgroup included KCC145, 169 and CHC01 with similarity 0.84. The largest subgroup included other 19 accessions with similarity 0.85.
In analyzing KCC accessions from SSR results, a total of 73 bands were generated using 13 out of 49 primer pairs. The means of bands generated by a primer pairs was 5.2 and the polymorphism was 93.2%. Thirty accessions were clustered into 5 groups with similarity 0.72. The similarity of the first subgroup included KCC029, 050 and 062 was 0.74. KCC131 and 132 comprised the second group with similarity 0.96. The third group consisted of 6 accessions that had similarity 0.78 and the forth group consisted of KCC002, 004 and 064 with similarity 0.74. The similarity of the fifth group that composed of other 16 accessions had 0.72 similarity.
Taro germplasm could be identified by morphology such as leaf blade margin color, leaf vein color, color of corm flesh, flesh fibre and number of cormels. The molecular markers could be used to analyze the accessions within groups. The genetic diversity of the 44 taro accessions could be identified by at least 2 RAPD primers or 4 SSR primer pairs.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………..……..i
英文摘要……………………………………………………………….…..ii
壹、前言……………………………………………………………………..1
貳、前人研究
一、芋之起源、分類與植物性狀…………………………………………..3
二、品種鑑定技術之發展…………………………………………………..7
三、RAPD標誌技術之原理與特色…………………………………….…...9
四、SSR標誌技術之原理與特色…………………………………….…….11
五、RAPD與SSR分子標誌在農業上之應用………………………….…….12
參、材料方法
一、材料與植株形態性狀調查…………………………………….……..17
二、逢機增殖多型性DNA(RAPD)標誌分析………………………….…...19
三、微衛星體(SSR)多型性標誌分析……………………..………………21
肆、結果
一、植株性狀在芋種原之鑑別…………………………………………….22
二、RAPD在芋種原之鑑別………………………………………...……..60
三、SSR在芋種原之鑑別…………………….……………………………105
伍、討論
一、以形態性狀鑑別芋種原………………………………………………140
二、RAPD標誌分析……………………………………………….……….142
三、SSR標誌分析…………………………………………….……………147
四、結論……………………………………………………………………150
捌、參考文獻………………………………………………………………151
玖、附錄……………………….………………………………………….160

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