臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來對於提琴工藝的研究，歐美國家已使用科學的方法做深入且長久的探討。提琴研究是綜合各種工程，跨學科的一種科學。過去手工製琴仰賴名家傑作的模具與製琴師的經驗。提琴基音與泛音組合成一種複雜的波形便是我們所聽到的音色，而影響提琴音色的要素非常多，單純以人耳判斷音色優劣並不客觀。為了穩定手工提琴的音色品質，本研究計畫提出了一個複合方法，結合頻譜分析和田口法。挑出七個製琴師在手工製琴過程中可調整的因子。錄下小提琴的聲音，透過快速傅利葉轉換成頻譜，而頻譜的基頻與諧波分量大小則做為品質特性，然後萃取出影響基頻與諧波分量較大的重要因子。此研究有助於製琴經驗參數化，比較預測與實驗結果間的差異，並且探討因子間的交互作用。

For the study ofviolinistic art, occident countries have long been investigated in depth by scientific methods. Violinistic study is the combination of all engineering and science. In the past, hand-made violins depended on molds of masterpiece and the experience of luthiers. The fundamental frequency and harmonics synthesize a complex waveform which is the sound be heard. Many factors affect violin timbre, that evaluating violin timbres by hearing only is not objective. In order to stabilize the timbre of the hand-made violin, this study presents a hybrid method of integrating Taguchi''s method and spectrum analysis. First, seven factors are selected which the luthiers can regulate on hand-made process. Next, through Fast Fourier transform (FFT), the frequency spectrum based on the sound of violins can be obtained. Here, the fundamental frequency and harmonics components in the spectrum are taken as the quality characteristics. Finally, the important factors affecting timbres most are extracted. The study contributes to parameterize the experience of making violins, compare prediction and experiment result, andinvestigate the factors interactions.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
符號索引 IX
一、緒論 1
1-1研究背景與動機 1
1-2研究目的 3
1-3文獻回顧 3
1-4論文大綱 6
二、研究方法 7
2-1頻譜分析 7
2-1-1離散傅立葉轉換(Discrete Fourier Transform) 7
2-1-1快速傅立葉轉換(Fast Fourier Transform) 8
2-2田口法 9
三、實驗設定 11
3-1實驗流程 11
3-2實驗參與者與演奏內容 12
3-3實驗設備與環境 12
四、結果分析與討論 22
4-1四弦實驗結果 22
4-2四條弦整合最佳參數組合 23
4-3確認最佳參數實驗成果 23
4-4因子交互作用探討 24
五、結論與建議 76
參考文獻 77
個人簡歷 80

[1]莊仲平，提琴的秘密：提琴的歷史、美學與相關的實用知識，藝術家出版社出版，2008。
[2]Robin, S. et al., “The Cambridge Companion to the Violin”, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-45, 1992.
[3]Kolneder, W., “The Amadeus Book of the Violin: Construction, History, and Music” translated and edited by Reinhard G. Pauly. Portland, Or., Amadeus Press, 1998.
[4]Fletcher, N. H. and Rossing, T. D., “The physics of musical instruments”, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
[5]Wrzeciono, P., “A New Method of Searching for Violin Modes”, EUROCON, 2007. The International Conference on "Computer as a Tool" , pp. 189-193, 2007.
[6]Yunik, M.; Boyanov, B.; MacDonald, R. Rahardjo, B., “Spectral analysis of vowels and musical sounds by means of the fast Walsh transform, Communications, Computers and Signal Processing”, 1989. Conference Proceeding, IEEE Pacific Rim Conference, pp.206-207, 1989.
[7]Yim, S.; Yinong Ding; McCree, A., “Spectral transformation for musical tones via time domain filtering, Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics”, 1997. 1997 IEEE ASSP Workshop, 4 pp., 1997.
[8]Krishnaswamy, A.; Smith, J.O., “Inferring control inputs to an acoustic violin from audio spectra”, Multimedia and Expo, 2003. ICME ''03. Proceedings. 2003 Internation-al Conference, pp.733-736, 2003.
[9]Moral, J. A. and Jansson, E. V., “Eigenmodes, input admittance, and the function of the violin”, Acustica, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 229-337, 1982.
[10]G. W. Roberts, “Finite element analysis of the violin”, Doctoral thesis, University College, Cardiff, Wales, UK, 1986.
[11]Molin, N.E., L.E. Lindgren, and E. V. Jansson,“Parameters of violin plates and their influence on the plate modes”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83(1), pp. 281-290, 1988.
[12]Jansson, E. V., J. A. Moral, and J. Niewczyk ,“Experiments with free violin plates”, J. Catgut Acoust. Soc. 2d ser., 1 (2), pp. 2-6, 1988.
[13]Lukasik, E., “AMATI-Multimedia Database of Violin Sounds”, InProc Stockholm Music Acoustics Conferrence, KTH Stockholm , pp. 79-82, 2003.
[14]Buen, Anders, “Comparing the Sound of Golden Age and Modern Violins: Long-Time-Average-Spectra”, VSA papers Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 51-74, 2005.
[15]Lothar Cremer & translated by John S. Allen, “The Physics of the Violin”, The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England, 1984.
[16]Müller, H. A., “The function of the violin bridge”, Catgut Acoust. Soc. Newsletter, 31, pp. 19-22, 1979.
[17]Dünnwald, H., “Deduction of objective quality parameters on old and new violins”, Catgut Acoust. Soc. J., Vol. 1, No. 7 (Series II), pp. 1-5, 1991.
[18]Hutchins, C. M., “Research Papers in Violin Acoustics: 1975-1993”, Acoust. Soc. of Am., New York ,1997.
[19]Hutchins, C. M., “The acoustics of violin plates”, Sci. Am., pp. 170-186, 1981.
[20]Hutchins, C. M., “A rationale for bi-tri octave plate tuning”, J. Catgut Acoust. Soc. 2d ser., 1 (8), pp. 36-39, 1991.
[21]Hutchins, C. M., “A Measurable Effect of Long-Term Playing on Violin Family In-struments”, Catgut Acoustical Society Journal 3 (5) (series II), pp.38-40, 1998.
[22]J.W. Cooley and J.W. Tukey, “An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series”, Mathematics Computation, Vol.19, pp.297-301, 1965.
[23]A.V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schafer, “Discrete-time signal processing”, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1989.
[24]Smith, S. W., “The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing”, California Technical Publishing, 1997.
[25]具再熙，數位訊號處理－使用MATLAB，儒林圖書公司，二版，2007。
[26]蒙以正，數位信號處理：應用MATLAB，旗標出版股份有限公司，初版，2004。
[27]羅華強，訊號處理：MATLAB的應用，全華出版社，2004。
[28]Taguchi, G., “ Introduction to Quality Engineering: Design Quality into Products and Processes”, UNIPUB, 1986.
[29]R. K. Roy,“ A Primer on the Taguchi Method”, Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY, 1990.
[30]R. K. Roy, “Design of Experiments Using the Taguchi Approach”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, 2001.
[31]Home-Sheng Wei, “Analysis for the Optimum Conditions in Derrick Hook by Using Taguchi Method,” Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science & Technology, 2002.
[32]吳復強，田口品質工程，全威圖書，2002。
[33]矢野宏，田口式品質工學的思想，和昌出版，2004。
[34]李輝煌，田口方法：品質設計的原理與實務，高立圖書有限公司出版，2008。