臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要在引擎開迴路測試中，使用不同比例之乙醇-汽油混合燃料（E0、E5、E10、E20、E30），在不同空燃當量比下，探討引擎性能以及廢氣排放之結果。另外選擇在化學計量比之條件下，研究乙醇-汽油混合燃料和九五無鉛汽油之差異性，同時就乙醇-汽油混合燃料應用於SI引擎之技術、經濟、地域作一效益評估。另一方面，針對乙醇取代MTBE之可行性，吾人使用不含MTBE之基礎汽油，利用噴霧燃燒器系統建立含乙醇-汽油噴霧甲烷火焰，以水冷式停滯面板模擬引擎燃燒室積污現象。
由實驗結果得知，因為添加乙醇造成預混氧之效應，使得燃燒更加地完全，因此CO、HC之排放隨乙醇含量增加而降低。CO和HC則在空燃當量比略微大於1的情況下有最低排放值、而CO2則有最高排放值。而當噴油策略控制在化學計量比條件下時，則以E5燃料為減少引擎排放廢氣濃度中最為顯著的燃料。整體之效益評估上，在要求以最低CO或是HC之比排放濃度且在不失馬力輸出的情況為考量下，能夠得到最佳的結果，因此在評估後則以此條件做為最佳之設計基準，而以E10燃料使用在高轉速下對於空氣品質的改善最有成效。
停滯面噴霧燃燒實驗中，在火焰面前之上游區，油滴之軸向速度隨著乙醇比例的增加而變大；通過火焰面後，隨著乙醇比例增加，油滴速度則隨之遞減。至於油滴之SMD變化，則隨著軸向位置的增加而變大，且隨著乙醇比例的增加而減小。積污測試中，隨著燃料所含乙醇比例的增加，會使得積污減量；而隨著循環冷卻水溫度的升高，積污也有明顯的下降。

This study is focused on engine performance and pollution analysis of different ratios of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels (E0, E5, E10, E20, E30) under different air/fuel equivalence ratios and the stoichiometric condition. We also make overall evaluation on ethanol-gasoline blended fuels. In addition, we use a stagnation-point spray burner with a water cooling plate to simulate the formation of combustion chamber deposits (CCD) in spark-ignition engines and the flow field of the stagnation-point spray is measured with phase doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) at the same time.
The results show that the emissions of CO, HC are reduced with the increase of the ethanol proportion in the blended fuel due to pre-mixed oxygen effect. At air/fuel equivalence ratio slightly larger than one , CO and HC emissions are the least and CO2 is the most. Under the stoichiometric condition, E5 is the best fuel to reduce the exhaust emissions. In the overall evaluation part, we find out that E10 is the most effective fuel to improve air quality in high rpm.
In the experiment of the stagnation-point spray combustion, we find that in the upstream zone, the axial velocity of droplets increase with the increase of the ethanol contents. After passing through the flame, the axial velocity of the droplets becomes smaller with the increase of the ethanol contents. The sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the droplets increases when the axial position increases, but reduces with the increase of the ethanol contents. In the CCD test, with the increase of the ethanol ratio, the weight of the deposits is reduced. As the cooling water temperature is raised, the weight of deposits is obviously decreased.

摘要
英文摘要
致謝
總目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
符號說明
一、前言
1-1 乙醇與汽油之性能分析
1-2 乙醇混合燃料對引擎性能的影響
1-3 乙醇混合燃料對廢氣排放之影響
1-4 乙醇混合燃料之效益評估
1-5 積污分析
1-6 研究目的
二、實驗設備與儀器
2-1 引擎測試實驗設備
2-1-1 引擎系統
2-1-2 馬力量測系統
2-1-3 廢氣量測系統
2-2 停滯面噴霧燃燒實驗設備
2-2-1 燃燒器系統
2-2-2 停滯面板系統
2-2-3 循環冷卻水溫控系統
2-2-4 超音波震盪噴霧嘴系統
2-2-5 穩定液量供給系統
2-2-6 PDPA量測系統
2-2-6-1 PDPA調整步驟
2-2-6-2 PDPA軟體設定及操作
2-2-7 電子微量秤
三、研究方法
3-1 乙醇-汽油混合燃料之引擎測試及整體效益評估
3-3 停滯面噴霧燃燒實驗研究方法
四、乙醇-汽油混合燃料之引擎開迴路測試
4-1 扭力輸出
4-2 燃油熱能消耗
4-3 引擎廢氣排放分析
4-3-1 CO之排放
4-3-2 CO2之排放
4-3-3 HC之排放
五、化學計量比下乙醇-汽油混合燃料之引擎開迴路測試
5-1 扭力輸出
5-2 燃油消耗
5-3 引擎廢氣排放
六、乙醇-汽油混合燃料之整體效益評估
6-1 引擎轉速在3000rpm時之整體評估
6-2 引擎轉速在4000rpm時之整體評估
七、乙醇-汽油混合燃料積污模擬分析
7-1 噴霧流場中之油滴行為
7-1-1 油滴平均粒徑分佈
7-1-2 油滴軸向速度分佈
7-1-3 油滴數目密度變化
7-2 乙醇-汽油混合燃料對積污之影響
八、結論
九、參考文獻…………………………..………………………………
十、表
十一、圖

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