臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

迴路式熱管是一種高功率密度的二相被動熱傳元件，現今已成熟的應用在航空及太空領域，在能源及電子冷卻方面也有世界各地的學者正努力發展中。迴路式熱管主要有圓柱型及平板型兩種，其優點為低熱阻、高熱傳量、長傳輸距離等，由於圓柱型迴路式熱管在應用於平面時需加裝鞍部(Saddle)，會造成多餘的重量、熱阻及接觸面的不均，而平板型迴路式熱管可直接改善加裝鞍部的缺點，增加了應用在平面上的機會，因此，平板型迴路式熱管不僅解決圓柱型迴路式熱管的缺點，也大大的增加了應用的機會。
平板型迴路式熱管蒸發器中之毛細結構為迴路式熱管的心臟，其需吸附液態工質、排放蒸汽及阻擋蒸汽回流，傳統毛細結構常用金屬作為材料，但常有熱洩漏(Heat leak)、氧化及保存不易的狀況，因此，本文欲利用更換材料的方法來解決問題，而高分子剛好具較低的熱傳導係數及較高的抗氧化性，且其製程較金屬簡易，經文獻及資料分析後，發現鐵氟龍(PTFE)較其餘的高分子材料具較高的玻璃化點溫度及工質相容性，因此，本研究旨在探討鐵氟龍(PTFE)毛細結構應用於具平板式蒸發器迴路式熱管之研究。
實驗結果方面，成功製作出厚度4-4.8mm之PTFE毛細結構，經量測毛細結構參數後，孔隙率範圍約50-55%、有效孔徑範圍約5.8-10.5μm、滲透度範圍約860-8.3×10-13，經平板型迴路式熱管性能測試後，較佳之PTFE毛細結構厚度為4.4mm、有效孔徑6.3µm、孔隙率55%、滲透度7.6×10-12m2，在電子元件最高耐熱溫度85oC下，最大熱傳量可達110W，最小熱阻為0.47oC/W，熱通量約11W/cm2，相較於文獻的最大瓦數80W、最小熱阻0.8oC/W、熱通量6.5Wcm2，最大瓦數約提升30%，最小熱阻約降低30%，熱通量約提升70%。

Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) is a heat transfer passive device with high performance and use two-phase thermal transport. LHP already mature application in the field of aviation now, And it also experiment in energy and electron cooling. The typical LHP have two types, a tradition cylinder and a flat plate. On the other hand, it has many advantages such as: low thermal resistance, high heat transfer capacity, long transmission distance. Since the tradition cylinder-type loop heat pipe need to install Saddle When applied to flat surface, It will result in extra weight and resistance, and the contact surface unevenness. The Flat-plate Loop Heat Pipe (FLHP) can direct solve the shortcomings of the saddle, And increases the chances of the application on the flat surface. Therefore, FLHP not only solve the LHP shortcomings but also increases the applicability.
The Wick is the key of the FLHP, It’s need adsorption of working fluid, emissions vapor and barrier vapor reflux. Traditional-type wick is usually used metal as a material, but often with heat leak, oxidation and save difficult. Therefore, this article will use a way to solve the problem by replacing the material. The polymer has the characteristics such as low thermal coefficients, high oxidation resistance and easy to manufacturing. According to later references and data analysis, Study found that compared to other polymer materials, PTFE has a higher Glass transition temperature and the Work fluid Compatibility. So, this study investigates the application of PTFE wicks to FLHP.
Experimental results show that, A PTFE wick structure with thickness of 4.4 mm, effective pore radius of 6.3μm, permeability of 7.6×10-12m2, and porosity of 55% is installed into a FLHP system to carry out heat transfer performance testing, under Highest heat-resisting temperature of electronic components 85oC, the FLHP with PTFE wick, the maximum heat load is 110W, minimum thermal resistance is 0.47°C/W and the heat flux is 11W/cm2,compares these results from literature, the maximum heat load is enhanced by 30%, minimum thermal resistance decreased by 30% and heat flux is enhanced by 70%.

摘要……………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………ii
目次…………………………………………………………………………………iv
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………viii
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………ix
符號說明……………………………………………………………………………xi
第一章、緒論……………………………………………………………………1
第一節、前言………………………………………………………………………1
(一)、常用二相元件簡介………………………………………………………3
1.熱管(Heat Pipe, HP)………………………………………………………4
2.平板型熱管(Vapor chamber, VC)…………………………………………5
3.毛細泵迴路(Capillary Pumped Loop, CPL)………………………………6
4.迴路式熱管(Loop heat pipe, LHP)…………………………………………7
5.迴路式熱管發展……………………………………………………………8
6.平板型迴路式熱管(Flat Loop Heat Pipe, FLHP) ………………………11
7.平板型迴路式熱管的問題………………11
第二節、文獻回顧………………………………………………………………14
(一)、平板型迴路式熱管應用文獻回顧………………………………………15
(二)、熱洩漏文獻回顧…………………………………………………………16
(三)、高分子文獻回顧…………………………………………………………17
第三節、研究目的………………………………………………………………19
第二章、實驗原理與理論分析…………………………………………………20
第一節、平板型迴路式熱管操作原理…………………………………………20
第二節、迴路式熱管操作限制…………………………………………………22
(一)、毛細限制…………………………………………………………………22
(二)、啟動限制…………………………………………………………………23
(三)、液體過冷限制…………………………………………………………24
第三節、工質填充量與補償室尺寸……………………………………………24
(一)、工質填充量……………………………………………………………24
(二)、補償室尺寸……………………………………………………………25
第四節、迴路式熱管的熱阻分析……………………25
(一)、蒸發器熱阻………………………………………………………………26
(二)、蒸汽段熱阻……………………………………………………………26
(三)、冷凝器熱阻…………………………………………………………27
第三章、平板型迴路式熱管設計…………………………………………………28
第一節、工質的選擇……………………………………………………………29
(一)、操作溫度…………………………………………………………………29
(二)、工質飽和狀態的壓力對溫度之斜率(dP/dT) …………………………29
第二節、系統材質的選擇………………………………………………………30
第三節、傳輸管路與冷凝器……………………………………………………30
第四節、補償室之設計…………………………………………………………31
第五節、毛細結構材料選擇…………………………………………………32
第六節、毛細結構之設計………………………………………………………32
第四章、實驗設備與方法…………………………………………………………34
第一節、實驗步驟………………………………34
第二節、毛細結構製作設備……………………………………………………35
(一)、模具………………………………………………………………………35
(二)、搖篩機及篩網…………………………………………………………35
(三)、電子秤…………………………………………………………………35
(四)、超音波洗淨機…………………………………………………………35
(五)、燒結爐…………………………………………………………………35
第三節、毛細結構製作…………………………………………………………36
(一)、選粉……………………………………………………………………36
(二)、填粉……………………………………………………………………36
(三)、燒結……………………………………………………………………37
(四)、脫模……………………………………………………………………37
第四節、毛細結構參數測試及觀測設備………………………………………38
(一)、毛細結構參數量測……………………………………………………39
1.有效孔徑…………………………………………………………………39
2.滲透度……………………………………………………………………40
3.孔隙率……………………………………………………………………40
(二)、電子掃描顯微鏡(SEM)觀測……………………………………………41
第五節、平板型迴路式熱管系統熱測試設備及耗材…………………………41
(一)、設備………………………………………………………………41
1.電源供應器……………………………………………………………41
2.加熱棒……………………………………………………………………41
3.冷卻循環機……………………………………………………………42
4.資料擷取器……………………………………………………………42
5.分析軟體………………………………………………………………42
(二)、耗材………………………………………………………………………42
1.O環………………………………………………………………42
2.墊片及螺桿襯套………………………………………………………42
3.熱電偶…………………………………………………………………43
第六節、 平板型迴路式熱管系統安裝步驟……………………………………45
(一)安裝步驟…………………………………………………………………43
(二)性能測試…………………………………………………………………43
(三)性能評估…………………………………………………………………44
第九節、誤差分析………………………………………………………………46
第五章、結果與討論………………………………………………………………47
第一節、毛細結構製作結果……………………………………………………47
第二節、不同厚度之PTFE毛細結構參數…………………………………50
第三節、平板型迴路式熱管熱傳性能測試結果………………………………51
(一)、平板型迴路式熱管穩態曲線圖……………………………………51
(二)、毛細結構厚度對平板型迴路式熱管性能的影響……………………52
(三)、與文獻具高分子毛細結構平板型迴路式熱管之比較………………55
第六章、結論………………………………………………………………………56
(一)、製作結果………………………………………………………………56
(二)、厚度效應………………………………………………………………56
(三)、熱傳性能測試…………………………………………………………56
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………57
附錄………………………………………………………………………61
作者簡介……………………………………………………………………………67

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