臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文旨在分析排放權交易與跨國聯合減量,
在不同的市場結構下,兩者的互動對於二氧化碳減量經濟效率的影響。
排放權交易已為美國作為二氧化硫等污染物質之管制工具,
由理論與實証研究的分析中,
証實其遠較傳統的直接管制(Command and Control)更具經濟效率,
可節省大量的總減量成本。
跨國聯合減量則為因應全球氣候變遷而產生之政策工具,
由於各國間減量成本負擔與減量技術有著很大的差異,
使得已開發國家可透過較優異的減量技術與資金的支持,
減少開發中國家二氧化碳的排放。
而其所減少的二氧化碳可視為已開發國家的減量成效,
稱為減量信用。
原則上,
排放權交易與跨國聯合減量皆被為具經濟效率的經濟政策工具,
而被用為全球二氧化碳減量之政策。
文獻對於排放權交易的分析十分深入。
就市場結構對排放權交易的影響方面,
理論上,若排放權交易市場為完全競爭,
不論排放權的初始分配為何,
皆不影響到最終總減量成本的負擔。
但在獨佔市場下,
則初始分配的方式將影響到總減量成本。
若其初始分配的方式愈遠離各國邊際減量成本相等處,
則總減量成本負擔將隨之提高。
但排放權交易的研究建立於區域性污染上,
是否區域性污染的特性可以應用在全球性污染上,
為一可議之處。
尤其在區域性污染上,
並無類似跨國聯合減量的機制,
以減量投資協助其他廠商作污染減量,
此一區別將影響到排放權交易的研究成果是否適用於全球二氧化碳減量上。
本研究發現因為跨國聯合減量伴隨著減量技術移轉,
此一移轉將改變被投資國的減量成本結構,
而使得原本排放權交易的研究在獨佔市場下不再具有之前文獻分析的結果。
本研究發現,
若市場為已開發國家獨買,
排放權初始分配遠離各國邊際減量成本相等處,
未必提高總減量成本。
因為當初始分配遠離邊際減量成本相等處時,
會增加已開發國家對於跨國聯合減量的需求,
而隨著跨國聯合減量所帶來的減量技術移轉,
將提升開發中國家的減量效率,
而對總減量成本產生不升反減的結果。
但若市場結構為完全競爭,則仍會維持分配公平與成本效率無關的性質。
關鍵字 : 排放權交易、跨國聯合減量、市場結構、全球環境變遷

第一章 緒論..........................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的................................1
1.2 研究方法......................................3
1.3 章節安排......................................4
第二章 文獻回顧......................................8
2.1 前言..........................................8
2.2 排放權交易與跨國聯合減量之法源依據...........13
2.3 排放權交易...................................17
2.3.1 排放權交易與減量成本有效性...............17
2.3.2 影響減量成本效率的因素...................19
2.3.3 排放權交易與多元管制.................... 22
2.3.4 排放權交易與二氧化碳減量................ 24
2.4 跨國聯合減量.................................27
2.5 本章結論.....................................28
2.6 本章附錄.....................................30
第三章 完全競爭模型.................................36
3.1 前言.........................................36
3.2 理論模型.....................................39
3.2.1 投資國決策模型...........................41
3.2.2 被投資國決策模型.........................44
3.2.3 市場均衡條件.............................46
3.3 排放權交易與跨國聯合減量之成本有效性.........49
3.4 比較靜態分析.................................51
3.5 承諾減量與減量成本...........................54
第四章 獨佔模型.....................................58
4.1 前言.........................................58
4.2 理論模型.....................................60
4.2.1 價格接受者行為分析.......................60
4.2.2 獨佔者行為分析...........................65
4.3 比較靜態分析.................................72
4.4 承諾減量與減量成本...........................78
4.5 本章附錄.....................................83
第五章 結論與建議.................................. 86
5.1 本研究的特色.................................86
5.2 本研究的發現.................................87
5.3 政策建議.....................................89
5.4 未來研究方向.................................91
參考文獻.............................................93

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