臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為避免長期捕撈而造成漁業資源短缺，魚苗放流為補充漁業資源的方法之一，台灣漁業永續發展協會自民國九十一年開始進行魚苗放流，布氏鯧鰺（Trachinotus blonchii (Lacepède, 1801)）為主要放流魚種之一，自民國一百年起，每年平均放流約一百萬尾。自民國104年起分別收集養殖與捕撈的布氏鯧鰺，共計收集4年，所有樣本皆經過專一性引子對TB-COI及TA-COI，進行PCR擴增，確認皆為布氏鯧鰺，之後利用微衛星DNA進行等位基因數與遺傳多態性分析。TB05基因座有13個等位基因、TBG16有51個、TB23有48個、AC49有50個及TCC7a有8個，總計有170等位基因，平均每一個基因座有34個等位基因。實驗結果顯示，四個年度野外捕撈與養殖樣本PIC均大於0.5，等位基因數大於11，屬於高遺傳多態性。捕撈族群104、105、106及107年FIS值分別為0.377、0.233、0.086及0.078；養殖族群104、105、106及107年分別為0.232、0.245、0.352及0.301，有近親交配風險但是由於捕撈族群與養殖族群基因型不同，因此養殖族群之放流有助於增加野生族群遺傳多態性。進一步使用STRUCTURE軟體進行放流回補分析，發現104年捕撈樣本中有19尾可能為養殖樣本；105年捕撈樣本中有109尾可能為養殖樣本；106年捕撈樣本中有109尾可能為放養殖樣本；107年捕撈樣本中有36尾可能為養殖樣本，推論台灣布氏鯧鰺魚苗放流有助於台灣沿海漁業資源的補充。

謝辭 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
壹、 前言 1
貳、 文獻整理 2
一、 布氏鯧鰺 2
二、 台灣沿海鯧鰺屬 2
三、 全球放流近況 3
四、 我國放流近況 3
五、 粒線體DNA (mitochondria DNA, mtDNA) 4
六、 微衛星DNA（microsatellite DNA） 5
七、 STRUCTURE 6
八、 研究目的 7
參、 材料與方法 8
一、 樣本採集 8
二、 粒線體DNA Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I（COI）基因分析 8
1. DNA萃取 (DNA extraction) 8
2. 布氏鯧鰺快速鑑定分析 8
3. 聚合酶連鎖反應（polymerase chain reaction，PCR） 8
4. 洋菜膠電泳分析（DNA agarose gel electrophoresis） 9
三、 微衛星DNA基因型定序（microsatellite DNA genotyping） 9
四、 布氏鯧鰺微衛星DNA數據分析 9
1. 各基因座等位基因數 9
2. 觀測異質度（observed heterozygosity，Ho） 9
3. 理論異質度（expected heterozygosity，He） 9
4. 多態性訊息含量（polymorphic information content，PIC）分析 9
5. 利用微衛星DNA標誌評估FIS值 10
五、 STRUCTURE 10
肆、 結果 11
一、 有效樣本之確認 11
二、 布氏鯧鰺之遺傳分析 11
1. 微衛星基因型分析 11
2. 布氏鯧鰺近親配種之風險評估 12
三、 STRUCTURE族群分析 12
伍、 討論 14
一、 使用粒線體DNA-COI基因序列鑑定布氏鯧鰺 14
二、 利用微衛星基因型進行基因多態性評估 14
三、 布氏鯧鰺沿海族群分析 15
陸、 參考文獻

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