臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為瞭解在不同年齡的森林中同樹種上苔蘚物種組成、覆蓋度與生物量在不同高度區間、不同方位上的差異與分布趨勢，本研究於棲蘭山樣區台灣扁柏成熟林與更新林中各取三棵扁柏上的苔蘚進行研究。研究結果顯示，成熟林附生性苔蘚物種數、覆蓋度與生物量皆高於更新林，成熟林附生性苔蘚物種數49種，更新林則為24種，兩座森林皆以鞭蘚屬為優勢。比較同屬苔蘚在成熟林與更新林的生長位置，在成熟林的苔蘚生長區域高於更新林。在垂直分布上，不論是在成熟林或更新林，苔蘚物種數、覆蓋度與生物量皆以靠近樹基處為最高，苔蘚覆蓋度與生物量在成熟林的垂直分布趨勢呈現波動趨勢，即隨高度增加苔蘚覆蓋度與生物量隨之遞減，在冠層下方逐漸隨高度上升而增加；而在更新林則呈現隨高度上升而遞減的趨勢。推測隨森林年齡增加，冠層可能為附生性苔蘚重要的棲地。在方位上，成熟林的苔蘚覆蓋度與生物量以西北面為最高，東南面為最低，在更新林則無特定趨勢，可能是成熟林較更新林開闊所造成的現象。推測兩森林中苔蘚物種數、覆蓋度及生物量分布趨勢的差異可能與樣樹大小、樣樹上光度與濕度的變化梯度及苔蘚拓殖時間長短有關。

The epiphytic bryophytes in two Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana forests of different ages were studied at the Chi-Lan Mountain (CLM) site in northeastern Taiwan. The C. obtusa var. formosana of the mature forest was about 400 years old, while the naturally regenerated forest had an age of about 40. The bryophytic composition, coverage, and biomass on the stems at different heights and aspects and on the branches were investigated on 3 trees of the mature forest using the single rope technique. The bryophyte data of the young forest were taken from Deng (2005).
The number of species, coverage and biomass of epiphytic bryophytes in the mature forest were higher than those in the naturally regenerated forest. In the mature forest, 49 bryophyte species were found and Bazzania was the dominant genus, while in the naturally regenerated forest, only 24 bryophytes species were found and Bazzania was also the dominant genus. The highest coverage and biomass of bryophytes were found near the base of trunks in both forests. The coverage and biomass of epiphytic bryophytes on trunks in the mature forest showed a fluctuating vertical distribution pattern. On the contrary, the bryophytic coverage and biomass on trunks of the young forest were found to decrease with increasing height.
In the mature forest, the higher coverage and biomass of bryophytes were found on the trunk surface facing toward the northwest, and the lower were found in southeastern aspect. Compared to the mature forest, the distribution of bryophytes in the young forest was homogeneous in all aspects, which, might result from the more closed canopy in the young forest.
Bazzania, Leucobryum, Frullania, Anastrophyllum, Herbertus, Jungermannia and Pleurozia grew on higher positions above ground in the mature forest than in the naturally regenerated forest. The difference in species number, the distribution of coverage and biomass of bryophytes between the two forests might be attributed to the size of phorophytes, different patterns of vertical gradients of light and moisture, and the colonization history of bryophytes.

1. 前言 1
1.1 苔蘚在生態系所扮演的角色及其應用性 1
1.2 影響苔蘚生長的環境因子 2
1.3 附生性苔蘚的定義 3
1.4 森林類型與附生性苔蘚 4
1.5 宿主植物與附生性苔蘚 4
1.6 附生性苔蘚的分布格局 5
1.7 附生性苔蘚的調查方法 7
1.8 台灣苔蘚植物研究現況 8
1.9 棲蘭山樣區的苔蘚物種數 8
1.10 研究動機與目的 8
2. 研究材料與方法 9
2.1 樣區介紹與相關研究 9
2.2 研究方法 11
2.2.1 樣樹選取 11
2.2.2 成熟林樣樹枝條分布 12
2.2.3 附生性苔蘚取樣方法 12
2.2.4 附生性苔蘚覆蓋度估算 15
2.2.5 附生性苔蘚物種鑑定 15
2.2.6 附生性苔蘚生物量量測 16
2.3 資料處理方式 17
2.3.1 統計分析方法 18
3. 研究結果 19
3.1 苔蘚覆蓋度與生物量垂直分布趨勢 19
3.2 苔蘚覆蓋度與生物量在不同方位的分布趨勢 23
3.3 台灣扁柏成熟林苔蘚覆蓋度與生物量 27
3.4 苔蘚屬的組成與分布 30
3.4.1 苔蘚屬的組成 30
3.4.2 苔蘚屬的垂直分布 34
3.5 台灣扁柏成熟林主幹上苔蘚屬的分布趨勢 43
3.6 台灣扁柏成熟林枝條上苔蘚屬的組成 48
4. 討論 49
4.1 苔蘚覆蓋度、生物量及其空間分布 49
4.1.1 苔蘚覆蓋度、生物量 49
4.1.2 苔蘚覆蓋度與生物量的分布格局 50
4.2 苔蘚覆蓋度與生物量的關係 51
4.3 苔蘚物種及其空間分布 52
4.3.1 苔蘚物種數與組成 52
4.3.2 主幹上苔蘚物種的分布格局 56
4.4 成熟林與更新林主幹的苔蘚生物量迴歸式 58
5. 結論與建議 59
6. 引用文獻 61

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