臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

大多數生物氣膠採樣設備於長時間採樣下可能造成微生物活性降低，本研究試圖開發一新型生物氣膠自動採樣設備，在泡綿內加入維持微生物活性之液態培養基作為採集基質，來設法改善此一缺失。本研究首先設計一暴露艙，並證明微粒濃度在八個小時的霧化過程中，變異係數僅為6-11%，相對於過去的研究在二小時的暴露艙微粒產生系統過程中，其變異係數為15%而言，本研究所建立之微粒霧化系統為一穩定單元。本研究所設計之採樣設備針對1至8小時不同的採樣時間進行採樣性能測試，對於二種測試菌株之物理捕集效率平均約從70-45％，較過去類似的研究(最佳的物理捕集效率40％)而言，有一較佳的物理補集效率。而在校正活性回收率(mBR)的部份發現，以大腸桿菌及枯草桿菌進行測試時，其mBR皆有隨著採樣時間有下降的趨勢，分為從3.9％至0.1％及 60％至 18％。但在二個小時內mBR的測試結果與其他研究相比而言，雖然對敏感性菌株(大腸桿菌)有相似的結果(3.9％ vs 4％);但以對環境壓力較不敏感菌株(枯草桿菌)進行測試時，相較過去的研究則發現有較佳的校正活性回收率(60-53％ vs 32％)。而本採樣設備性能測試中的另一評估因子-菌落活性回收率(colony survival rate)，在八個小時內分別以枯草桿菌及大腸桿菌的測試結果，從約67％下降至15％及從53％下降至0.1％。然而當在採樣時間設定在二個小時內時，以二種菌株進行測試的結果(枯草桿菌:67-48％; 大腸桿菌53-34 ％)，也相較於過去的(15％)有顯著的改善。此外，在採樣設備並排的比較測試中，發現本研究以泡綿為設計的採樣設備以大腸桿菌進行測試，不論在二個小時及四個小時的結果中，都發現較參考採樣設備(BioSampler)有較佳的相對存活率(relative survival rate)。本研究所設計之採樣設備未來將測試其他相關因子，希望在本採樣設備完善後，長時間暴露於活性生物氣膠所造成健康影響的問題能夠被更進一步的探討。

Conventional samplers are often criticized for limited application in conducting long-term monitoring of viable bioaerosols. In this study, a newly equipment, using the porous foam coated with liquid medium as a collection subtract to maintain the viability of collected microbial particles, was developed. Our particle generation system within a constructed exposure chamber was considered stable with a coefficient of variation (CV) for number concentrations being only 6-11 % over 8 hr nebulization process, compared to previous research (CV =15 % over 2 hr). The overall physical collection efficiency of this instrument for Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli decreased while sampling time prolong to 8 hr (average 70-45 % for both species), yet, the result was better than that of the past study (best at 40%). The modified biological recovery rate (mBR), decreased while test sampling time prolong to 8 hr, respectively. Yet, we found that the mBR for stress-sensitive species, E. coli (3.9 %), was similar with other studies while the sampling interval set within 2 hr (4 %) and the mBR for robust species, B. subtilis (60-53 %), was better than that of other study (32 %). Furthermore, the other sampling performance factor, colony survival rate (CS), ranged from 67 % to 15 % for B. subtilis; 53 % to 0.1 % for E. coli, respectively. The CS obtained in this study (67-48 % for B. subtilis; 53-34 % for E. coli) showed a far better rate as compared with other studies (15%) while sampling for 1-4 hr. Besides, the results from the side-by-side sampling instrument performance comparison test represented that this foam-based sampler showed a better relative survival rate than the reference sampler - BioSampler over 2 h and 4 h sampling period. In the future work, some aspect of this sampler need to be further tested, eventually, after this equipment is well development, the data about long-term exposure to viable bioaeorsols and the further relationship between human health could be conducted.

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………….2
摘 要………………………………………………………………………………………..3
誌 謝………………………………………………………………………………… …….4
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 Bioaerosols .............................................................................................................. 8
1.2 Sampling instruments .............................................................................................. 9
1.2.1 Impaction ...................................................................................................... 9
1.2.2. Impingement .............................................................................................. 12
1.2.3. Filtration .................................................................................................... 14
2. Objective ......................................................................................................................... 19
3. Material and Methods ................................................................................................... 20
3.1 The newly development instrument ....................................................................... 20
3.2 Sampling flow rate determination ......................................................................... 24
- relative humidity monitoring experiment .................................................................. 24
3.3. Sampling time determination and sampling performance evaluation .................. 26
3.3.1 Biological particle exposure system ........................................................... 26
3.3.2 Test bacterial broth .................................................................................... 28
3.3.3. Particles Generation Stability Test ........................................................... 29
3.3.4. Viability Test within Nebulizer Suspension ............................................... 32
3.3.5. Sampling time and Reference sampler comparison test ............................ 32
3.3.6. Extraction method and enumeration of viable bacteria ............................ 33
4. Results and Discussion .................................................................................................. 38
4.1. Relative Humidity Monitoring Experiment........................................................... 38
4.2. Particles Generation Stability Test ...................................................................... 40
4.3. Viability Test within Nebulizer Suspension .......................................................... 46
4.4 Sampling time and Reference sampler comparison test ........................................ 48
4.4.1 Physical collection efficiency and Modified biological recovery rate ....... 48
4.4.3 Relative survival rate – samplers’ comparison test .................................... 52
5. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 55
Reference ............................................................................................................................ 56
Appendix 1 ......................................................................................................................... 65
Appendix 2 ......................................................................................................................... 66
Appendix 3 ......................................................................................................................... 67

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