臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，因環保意識的抬頭與能源危機之影響，電動機車的研發逐漸受到世人之重視。然而，其續航力無法與現行搭載內燃機引擎之汽機車所比擬是阻礙其發展最重要的因素之一。因此，如何增加現行電動機車的續航力即是一值得研究之方向。一般常見之再生式煞車方法是在電動機車驅動器中加入一雙向升降壓控制器，將電動車於煞車時多餘之動能透過升壓之方式回充於電瓶之中。然此一方法雖然有其效用，卻會增加製造成本上之負擔。
本論文利用變頻器雙向導通之特性，配合直流無刷馬達三相電壓之相對關係，並以直流無刷馬達內部線圈作為電感器，透過微控制器控制變頻器內電晶體之切換順序與時機，使馬達之電動勢、馬達內部線圈、變頻器與電池四者構成一升壓電路。此控制法可以將煞車時的動能轉成電能回充至電池端並產生一反向力矩使馬達減速，卻不需要在原有之驅動器外添加任何元件。
在實驗的部份，因電動機車於實際行駛時數據量測不易。因此，本論文利用兩組相同規格之小型直流無刷馬達建構一桌上型測試平台進行模擬測試。經測試平台驗證、本論文所提出之再生式煞車控制法確實能將馬達煞車時多餘之動能轉換為電能回充於電池端。
本論文最後利用TMS320LF2407 數位信號處理器作為核心控制器，整合本論文所介紹之再生式控制方法，設計一電動機車專用之控制器，並實際應用於電動機車上。

In recent years, with the environmental consciousness enhanced, the development of electric vehicles is gradually taken seriously. However, the traveling range of the electric vehicles can not compete with the ability of the existing internal combustion engine vehicles, which is one of the most important factors of hindering the development of electric vehicle. Therefore, how to increase the traveling range of electric motorcycle is valuable to study. The common regenerative braking method is to add a bi-directional buck-boost converter to the controller of the electric motorcycle in order to convert the surplus energy into the electric energy and recharged to the battery when the electric motorcycle operated in the brake state. The method is effective, but increased the cost. In this thesis, the boost circuit of the regenerative braking method is proposed and combined with the electromotive force of the BLDC motor, the inductance which is the winding of the BLDC motor, the inverter and the battery. It is achieved by controlling the switching sequence and timing, which is derived from the relations of the three-phase voltages, of the inverter. The regenerative braking method which is proposed in this thesis could convert the kinetic energy into electric energy and produce a reverse torque to reduce the speed of the motor without adding any other components to the original controller.
However, the kinetic energy of moving electric motorcycle is not simulated simply in the laboratory testing. Thence, we designed a simple test platform, which connects the same two BLDC motors by a shaft coupling, in order to test and verify the regenerative braking method. The experimental results prove that the proposed method can be used to achieve the functions of deceleration and power regenerator.
Finally, the TMS320LF2407 Digital Signal Processor is utilized as the core controller, which integrates the regenerative braking method to design a driver for the applications of the electric motorcycle.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
Content IV
List of Tables VI
List of Figures VII
Symbols XI
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Electric vehicle development history 1
1.2 Research Background 2
1.3 Research Motivation 3
1.4 Literature Reviews 4
1.5 Outline 8
Chapter 2 Drive of the Electric Motorcycle 10
2.1 Basic Feature of Brushless DC Motor 10
2.2 Mathematical Model of BLDC Motor 12
2.3 Hall-Effect Sensor of BLDC Motor 15
2.4 Commutation Principle and Driving of BLDC Motor 16
Chapter 3 Regenerative Brake 21
3.1 Motive 21
3.2 Boost Conversion Operation Mode 22
Chapter 4 Experiments 36
4.1 Concepts of the Test Platform 36
4.2 Equipments of the Test Platform 39
4.2.1 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) 39
4.2.2 Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD) 41
4.2.3 Inverter 44
4.2.4 Speed detection circuit 45
4.3 Experimental Results of the Test Platform 47
4.3.1 Power Generation Ability of the Regenerative Braking 48
4.3.2 Braking Ability of the Regenerative Braking 54
4.4 Equipments of the Electric Motorcycle Test 56
4.4.1 Electric Motorcycle 57
4.4.2 Driver of the Electric Motorcycle 58
4.5 Experimental Results of the Electric Motorcycle 61
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Suggestions 65
5.1 Conclusion 65
5.2 Suggestions 66
Reference 67
Vita 70

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