臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討燃煤鍋爐排放微粒之粒徑分佈特性及化學成份分析，以瞭解原生性微粒排放之粒狀物濃度及其粒徑分佈特性，台灣地區之固定污然源中，主要以燃煤鍋爐、重油鍋爐、天然氣鍋爐等固定污染源排放最為重要，而本研究選定以燃煤鍋爐為主，進行原生性微粒粒徑分佈特性及化學組成特性之研究，以建立本土化之原生性微粒組成等相關資料。
研究中以日本公告之JISK-0302採樣方法並配合八階階梯式衝擊採樣器(Cascade)進行煙道粒狀物採樣，並於不同操作條件下共取得20組粒徑分佈樣品，進行粒狀物粒徑分佈採樣前須先進行煙氣排放基本項目，包括煙氣溫度、含水率、含氧量、及煙氣量，俟煙氣基本性質測定完成後再進行粒狀物粒徑分佈採樣，而氣態污染物監測項目包括SO2、NOx、O2、CO等，並於採樣時記錄其氣態污染物之值以進行後續之數據分析。
由粒狀物粒徑分佈可知粒狀物分佈呈現雙峰(two mode)分佈，尖峰粒徑區間分別為0.1~1.1 µm及2.1~11.8 µm，區隔點明顯介於1~2µm間，煙氣中微粒組成主要以PM1為主，其次為PM2-10。由分析結果顯示煙道排放之微粒組成中，較大粒徑微粒(PM10)大部份被ESP去除，而使煙氣中主要以細粒徑(PM1)微粒為主。
由研究結果發現NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+及SO42-主要存在於細粒徑微粒之中，而Na+、Cl-及NO3-則平均分佈於燃煤微粒之中；燃煤PM1微粒中水溶性離子主要成份為SO42-，其質量組成百分比介於58.03-18.29 % (平均41.18 12.16 %)，而NH4+及Ca2+則次之，離子成份質量組成百分比分別介於10.22-0.45 % (平均2.29 2.90 %)及4.85-0.25 % (平均1.34 1.11 %)，而NO3-質量組成百分比最低，其質量組成百分比介於0.02-0.00 % (平均0.003 0.006 %)。
將原生性微粒與大氣衍生性微粒之硫氧化物轉化率(sulphur oxidation ratio, SOR)及氮氧化物轉化率(nitrogen oxidation ratio, NOR)進行探討，研究結果發現燃煤電廠排放原生性微粒之SOR(PM10：0.07±0.04)小於大氣衍生性微粒SOR值，原生性微粒之NOR(PM10：6.83�~10-5±1.07�~10-4)遠小於大氣衍生性微粒之NOR，其主要原因為衍生物之前驅氣體(硫氧化物及氮氧化物)於廢氣煙道中尚未有明顯之轉化，本研究所得之特徵值可為原生性與大氣衍生性微粒特徵相關研究之指標及參考。

Concentrations and distributions of the primary particles emitted from a coal-fired power plant were measured. Particulate samples were then analyzed for water-soluble ion species with an ion chromatography. In Taiwan, stationary pollution sources included coal-fired boiler, oil-fired boiler and nature-gas boiler, In this study, focus in coal-fired boiler to investigation it’s primary particle size distribution and water-solution ions characteristic and build up local primary particle composition file.
Flue gas streams emissions of particulate matters and gaseous compounds from coal combustion, particulate matter samples were collected use eight stages cascade impact equipment and were analyzed eight water-soluble ion species including Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42- with an ion chromatography. To determine the degrees of primary pollutant conversion of SO2 to SO42- and of NOx to NO3-, the sulfur and nitrogen oxidation rations(SOR and NOR, respectively) were employed.
The results of particle size distribution is two mode distribution, aiguille size respectively is 0.1~1.1µm and 2.1~11.8µm. Fine particle is major composition in flue gas. Furthermore, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3- and SO42- are distribution in fine particle mode, Na+ and Cl- were found in both fine and coarse modes. Coal-fired boiler emission PM1 major ion species is sulfate(41.18 12.16 %), NH4+(2.29 2.90 %) and Ca2+(1.34 1.11 %) ensuing, NO3- content in flue gas is infrequent(0.003 0.006 %).
SOR (sulfur oxidation ratio) and NOR (nitrogen oxidation ratio) were used to evaluate the gas-to-particle conversion from precursors (SOx and NOx) for the primary particulates and then compared to the ambient aerosols. It is found that SOR (0.07 0.04 for PM10) and NOR (6.83�~10-5 1.07�~10-4 for PM10) of the primary particulates were lower then those of ambient aerosols. It is suggested that oxidation from precursor gases was not significant for the primary particulates emitted from the coal-fired power plant. The results obtained from this study could be used for an index to evaluate the difference between primary particulates from sources and the ambient secondary aerosols.

中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
目錄 Ⅲ
表目錄 Ⅳ
圖目錄 Ⅴ
第一章 前言
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究流程 3

第二章 文獻回顧
2.1懸浮微粒特徵 4
2.1.1懸浮微粒定義 4
2.1.2懸浮微粒形成機制及來源 4
2.1.3大氣懸浮微粒組成及化學特性 6
2.1.4燃煤微粒形成機制 12
2.2懸浮微粒之影響 15
2.2.1對人體健康之影響 15
2.2.2對能見度之影響 15
2.3原生性微粒排放相關研究 17
2.4衍生性污染物形成機制及轉化率 19
2.4.1硫酸鹽與硝酸鹽形成機制 19
2.4.2硫酸鹽與硝酸鹽轉化率 20

第三章 研究方法
3.1採樣設備及方法 24
3.1.1採樣設備 24
3.1.2採樣方法 24
3.2分析方法 32
3.2.1粒狀物粒徑分佈濃度 32
3.3品保及品管作業 34
3.3.1採樣方法品保及品管作業 34
3.3.2分析方法品保及品管作業 35

第四章 結果與討論
4.1粒狀物濃度及粒徑分佈特性 41
4.1.1粒狀物濃度水準 41
4.1.2粒狀物粒徑分佈特性 41
4.2水溶性離子濃度及粒徑分佈特性 50
4.2.1離子成份濃度水準 50
4.2.2離子成份粒徑分佈特性 58
4.2.3離子成份質量組成 60
4.3硫氧化物及氮氧化物轉化率 70
4.3.1 SOR值與NOR值探討 70
4.3.2原生性與衍生性微粒之SOR值與NOR值探討 70

第五章 結論與建議
5.1結論 78
5.2建議 79

參考文獻
附錄一粒狀物粒徑分佈資料
附錄二現場採樣樣品水溶性離子成分濃度水準
附錄三現場採樣樣品水溶性離子成分百分比
附錄四現場採樣樣品水溶性離子累積成分百分比
附錄五現場採樣樣品離子成分質量濃度粒徑分佈圖
附錄六SOR與NOR累積圖及累積百分比圖

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