臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於環境污染可能影響到海洋生物，如海龜，甚至會危及其族群的存續，且
已證實高濃度的重金屬會降低海龜的孵化率或使免疫力下降，進而影響到海龜族
群的健康。本實驗首次為臺灣地區之誤捕、擱淺、產卵及收容海龜之血液重金屬
的研究，目的為了解臺灣常見海龜血液中重金屬濃度及它們與血漿生化值間之關
係。研究分為三部分，第一為野生與擱淺的海龜，第二為產卵母龜，第三則為收
容海龜，於野生海龜的結果發現，背甲長相近(70cm-90cm)的赤蠵龜血液中之重
金屬鎘、硒及汞含量均比綠蠵龜來的高。在擱淺的海龜中發現，血容比(PCV)的
高低會影響血液中重金屬濃度的判讀，在特殊擱淺狀況如:誤食油污及眼部受感
染的海龜，其血液中有高濃度的重金屬汞、銅及砷。於產卵母龜部分，小琉球的
產卵母龜其血液中重金屬鎘與汞，顯著高於望安及蘭嶼的產卵母龜，且血漿生化
值 Creatinine 值與重金屬汞成正相關。收容海龜部分則發現，收容海龜因飲食的改變，可能導致重金屬砷、銅及汞的含量比野生的海龜還要高，且隨著收容時
間加長重金屬鉛有顯著提升的現象。而大義宮收容池水體中的鎳金屬，已影響收
容池中的海龜，使大義宮海龜有較高濃度的鎳(3575.89μg/L)。而在血漿生化值
方面則發現，收容海龜可能因飲食不均使腎臟功能降低，導致其血液中有高磷低
鈣的現象，而這些代謝器官的受損，皆可能影響到重金屬的代謝，使得收容海龜
受到更嚴重的金屬污染，雖沒有直接的證據，但因收容海龜的血漿生化值與部分
重金屬是相關的，所以可間接證實，重金屬的含量會影響海龜的健康狀況。本實
驗之結果可強調污染物排放管理的重要性，且可供獸醫師及海龜收容站做參考，
以改善收容環境與海龜的飲食，使海龜於收容期間有更好的環境與食物來源。

Environmental pollutions do impact marine organisms, such as sea turtles, and threate their survivorhsip. It has proved that high concentration of heavy metals in sea
turtles will reduce hatching success or decreased their immunity ability andaffect the health of sea turtle populations.This thesis is the first report on the heavy metal in the blood of sea turtle from bycatch, stranding alive, nesting or captive sea turtles in Taiwan. The purpose is to understand the relationship between heavy metal concentrations and the plasma biochemical of these sea turtles. Topics are divided into three parts, First part are the wild and stranded alive sea turtles, In this part, we find that the Cd、Se and Hg were higher in loggerhead turtle than green turtle(with carapace range from 70cm-90cm). In addition, hematocrit (PCV) does affect the concentration of heavy metals. In some special stranding cases : turtles swallowed tar ball or having eye infection, the blood contained high concentration of Hg、Cu and As. The second part are the nesting female.Higher concentration of Cd and Hg were found in turtles nest at Liouciou Island than Wangan and Lanyu Islands. The “Creatinine” values in plasma biochemistry were positively rrelated with Hg. The third part are the acptive and rehabilitated sea turtle, where the diet were different from the wild turtle.The As, Cu and Hg concentrations were higher than the wild turtles. The Pb concentration in the blood increased significantly with the duration of captive. The pond water in captivity; Da-Yi Temple had a higher concentration of Ni and found affected the captived sea turtles (Ni in blood concentration 3575.89µg / L ). The improper diets caused hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia of captive turtles have deteriorate the kidney fuction of the captive turtles. The damaged on this major metabolic organ will decrease the detoxification of sea turtles on heavy metals.. Even without direct evidence, the positive relationship between plasma biochemistry value with heavy metals suggests that the heavy metals do affect the health of sea turtles. This study emphasize the importance of pollutants control management, and can provide basline information for veterinarians and rehabilitation center to improve the captive environment and the diet of sea turtle.

目次
謝辭......................................................I
摘要.....................................................II
Abstract ...............................................III
目次.....................................................IV
圖目錄.....................................................V
表目錄....................................................VI
第一章 研究起源與目的........................................1
第二章 文獻回顧.............................................5
第一節 重金屬的分類..........................................5
第二節 重金屬對海龜的影響.....................................7
第三節 選擇血液的原因.......................................12
第四節 影響重金屬的因子.....................................14
第五節 臺灣的海龜研究.......................................17
第三章 材料方法............................................20
第一節 樣本的來源..........................................20
第二節 實驗材料............................................22
第三節 實驗方法............................................24
第四節 重金屬分析..........................................26
第四章 結果...............................................31
第一節 臺灣周遭海域混獲及擱淺的野生海龜........................31
第二節 野生產卵母綠蠵龜.....................................35
第三節 收容海龜............................................36
第五章 討論...............................................40
第一節 臺灣周遭海域混獲及擱淺的野生海龜........................40
第二節 野生產卵母綠蠵龜.....................................47
第三節 收容海龜............................................52
第六章 結論...............................................58
中文參考文獻...............................................60
英文參考文獻...............................................60
附錄一....................................................96
附錄二....................................................97
附錄三....................................................98
附錄四....................................................99

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