臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

同槽硝化脫硝之廢水生物脫氮程序可簡化操作設備與操作程序，近年來逐漸受到國內外學者的重視。本研究以養豬廢水為水源，並以蚵殼、礫石、石英陶瓷環為生物介質，探討接觸曝氣系統之同槽硝化脫硝效率，以及最佳操作條件。
研究結果顯示，系統的合理水力停留時間為16 小時。受到碳源不足的限制，延長水力停留時間，系統的效率提升有限。蚵殼介質系統與礫石介質系統同槽硝化脫硝之最佳溶氧為4.0 mg/L，石英陶瓷環介質系統則為3.5 mg/L。三種實驗濾材的脫氮效率以蚵殼最佳，在水力停留時間為16 小時的情況下，總氮去除率為42.4%，礫石與陶瓷環介質系統則分別為38.7%與30.8 %。預期透過外加有機碳源以及採用廢水回流設計可以進一步提高系統脫氮效率。實際觀察結果認為，蚵殼濾材表面粗糙，微生物絮體不易脫落，系統生物密度高於另兩種濾材。此外，蚵殼介質大小與形狀不均，所構成之濾材其內部孔隙尺度各不相同，允許好氧與厭氧環境並存，為蚵殼介質系統同槽硝化脫硝效率高於其他兩種試驗介質之主要原因。

Biological nitrogen removal using simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) process can greatly minimize system requirements and the complexity of system operation. It has gained much attention in recent years. In this study, the SND efficiency of a contact aeration system in the treatment of swine wastewater has been investigated using oyster shells, gravels and quartz ceramics as biofilters. Results show that reasonable hydraulic retention time for the system was 16 hours. Further improvement on nitrogen removal was limited by the lack of organic carbon source for denitrification. Optimal dissolved oxygen concentrations was 4.0 mg/L for both the oyster and the gravel systems, and 3.5 mg/L for the quartz ceramics system. Results also show that oyster shell is the most efficient medium among the three bio-filters tested. Under a hydraulic retention time of 16 hours, total nitrogen removal efficiencies were 42.4%, 38.7% and 30.8% respectively for the oyster shell, gravel and ceramic ring media systems. It was observed that the rough surface of oyster shells provide ideal media for microbial growth. High microbial density contributed to higher efficiency of the oyster shell system. The uneven sizes and
shapes of oyster shells could also have created pore space of different sizes in the medium which promote the coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic microenvironments
for nitrification and subsequent denitrification.

摘要 ........................................................................................................................... I
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. II
誌謝 ........................................................................................................................ III
目錄 ........................................................................................................................ IV
表目錄 .................................................................................................................... VI
圖目錄 ................................................................................................................... VII
第一章 前言............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究緣起 ....................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究內容與目的............................................................................................ 4
第二章 文獻回顧 ..................................................................................................... 6
2.1 養豬廢水之水質特性及處理方法 ................................................................. 6
2.1.1 養豬廢水之組成與水質特性 ................................................................. 6
2.1.2 養豬廢水之處理方法 ............................................................................. 7
2.2 生物脫氮基本原理 ...................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 硝化作用 ............................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 脫硝作用 .............................................................................................. 14
2.2 高濃度廢水之各種硝化脫硝方法 ............................................................... 16
2.2.1 厭氧氨氧化程序 .................................................................................. 16
2.2.2 氧限制自營硝化脫硝程序 ................................................................... 18
2.2.3 短程硝化脫硝程序............................................................................... 19
2.3 同時硝化脫硝程序 ...................................................................................... 20
2.3.1 同時硝化脫硝原理............................................................................... 21
2.3.2 介質之使用 .......................................................................................... 23
2.3.2.1 生物膜法與活性污泥法 ............................................................... 23
2.3.3 操作條件 .............................................................................................. 25
2.3.3.1 碳源 .............................................................................................. 25
2.3.3.2 DO ................................................................................................ 26
2.3.3.3 pH 值 ............................................................................................ 27
2.3.3.4 溫度 .............................................................................................. 28
2.3.3.5 水力停留時間 ............................................................................... 29
第三章、實驗材料和方法 ..................................................................................... 30
V
3.1 系統配置 ..................................................................................................... 30
3.1.1 調節槽 .................................................................................................. 31
3.1.2 接觸曝氣槽 .......................................................................................... 31
3.1.3 接觸濾材 .............................................................................................. 31
3.2 實驗流程 ..................................................................................................... 32
3.3 操作條件 ..................................................................................................... 34
3.4 採樣與檢測分析方法 .................................................................................. 35
3.4.1 採樣與水樣保存 .................................................................................. 35
3.4.2 檢測與分析方法 .................................................................................. 35
第四章 結果與討論 ............................................................................................... 37
4.1 水質監測結果 ............................................................................................. 37
4.2 系統整體效率 ............................................................................................. 38
4.3 操作條件之影響.......................................................................................... 55
4.3.1 溶氧對同時硝化脫硝的影響 ............................................................... 55
4.3.2 HRT 對同時硝化脫硝的影響 .............................................................. 58
4.4 不同介質之效率.......................................................................................... 62
4.4.1 各介質脫氮效率之比較 ......................................................................... 62
4.4.2 各介質氨氮去除效率之比較 ................................................................. 64
4.5 硝化效率之探討.......................................................................................... 65
4.5.1 有機碳源之影響 .................................................................................... 65
4.6 脫氮效率之探討.......................................................................................... 67
4.6.1 碳氮比之影響 ........................................................................................ 67
第五章、結論與建議 ............................................................................................. 70
5.1 結論 ............................................................................................................. 70
5.2 建議 ............................................................................................................. 70
參考文獻 ................................................................................................................ 71
附錄一:水質分析數據 ............................................................................................ 82
附錄二:現場檢測數據 ............................................................................................ 85

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