臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

家禽於幼年時期對脂肪的消化不甚佳，而飼糧脂肪於腸道中，主要藉脂肪(lipase)分解作用，以達消化之目的。本試驗目的在探討幼禽之脂肪發展。試驗動物包括童子雞及土番鴨。測定項目為幼禽體重、胰臟重、腺胃黏膜重、脂肪比活性及總活性。試驗期間，於幼禽孵化當日，孵化後1、3、5、7、14、及21日齡，分別完成上述之測定項目，以瞭解其發展。試驗結果顯示，在雛童子雞方面，其體重、胰臟重、腺胃黏膜重，腺胃黏膜脂肪總活性以及胰脂肪總活性均隨日齡增加而增加。胰脂肪比活性，在出殼當天未進食的情況下，顯著高於其它日齡者(p<0.01)，出殼當天至五日齡間有下降的趨勢，而從14到21日齡則有上昇的趨勢;胃黏膜脂肪比活性則在出殼當天較高，而於3日齡至21日齡間逐漸下降。在雛土番鴨方面，其體重、胰臟重、腺胃黏膜重，腺胃黏膜脂肪總活性以及胰脂肪總活性的發展亦均隨日齡增加而增加，而胰脂肪比活性則是由3日齡顯著高於其他日齡，但出殼當日的比活性亦甚高，於開始進食後降低，3至14日齡有下降的趨勢，14到21日齡則有上昇的趨勢;胃黏膜脂肪比活性則是在5日齡至7日齡顯著高於其它日齡，但孵化當日的比活性亦高，於7日齡至21日齡間，比活性逐漸下降。本實驗結果顯示童子雞和土番鴨幼年期間脂肪之變化，可供調配家禽飼料之參考。

The experiment was designed to determine the development of pancreatic lipase in broilers and mule ducklings. In the experiment, the samples were collected on hatching(day 0) till day 21 after hatching. The times for sample collection were at hatching and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21-day after birds were fed. Pancreases and mucosa of proventriculus were to take from broilers and mule ducklings for the determination of its lipase activity at each sampling period.
The results showed that body weight, pancreatic weight, mucosa weight of proventriculus, total pancreatic lipase activity(TPLA), and total activity of lipase from mucosa of proventriculucs from broilers or mule ducklings were increased with ages. The specific pancreatic lipase activity(SPLA) of broilers without feeding at day 0 was significantly higher than others(p<0.01). The trend of SPLA was decreased during day 1 to day 5, and increased from day 14 to day 21 in broilers. In mucosa of proventriculus, the specific lipase activity from broilers was higher on day 0 and day 3, and did not change from day 3 to day 21. The SPLA of mule ducklings was significantly higher than others at day 3(p<0.05), it was also high at day 0 and decreased after feeding. The trend of SPLA of mule duckings was decreased during day 3 to day 14 and then increased up to 21 day-old. In mucosa of proventriculus, the specific lipase activity from mule ducklings was higher on day 5 to day 7, and decreased during day 7 to day 21. The results of this experiment showed that the development of lipase in the early age of broilers and mule ducks could be a foundation for making up diets for these birds.

Ⅰ、摘要----------------------------------------------1
Ⅱ、前言----------------------------------------------2
Ⅲ、文獻檢討-------------------------------------------3
一、脂肪的分泌與調節---------------------------------3
(一)胰脂肪-------------------------------------------3
(二)腺胃黏膜脂肪-------------------------------------4
二、脂肪的重要理化性質-------------------------------6
(一)胰脂肪-------------------------------------------6
(二)腺胃黏膜脂肪-------------------------------------7
三、影響脂肪活性的因子-------------------------------8
(一)輔脂肪-------------------------------------------8
(二)乳化物---------------------------------------------9
(三)pH值-----------------------------------------------10
(四)飼糧脂肪-------------------------------------------11
四、家禽對脂肪的消化及吸收途徑-------------------------12
五、影響幼禽利用脂肪之因素-----------------------------14
(一)日齡-----------------------------------------------14
(二)飼糧-----------------------------------------------17
1.膽鹽-------------------------------------------------17
2.脂肪-----------------------------------------------19
3.脂肪含量---------------------------------------------19
(三)飼糧於腸道中停留的時間-----------------------------20
Ⅳ、試驗部份------------------------------------------22
材料方法----------------------------------------------22
一、試驗動物及飼養管理--------------------------------22
(一)試驗動物-------------------------------------------22
(二)飼養管理-------------------------------------------22
二、試驗處理-------------------------------------------22
三、樣品之製備-----------------------------------------23
(一)採樣-----------------------------------------------23
(二)樣品之均質-----------------------------------------24
(三)上清液之製備---------------------------------------24
四、測定項目及分析方法--------------------------------24
五、統計分析------------------------------------------30
結果與討論---------------------------------------------31
一、 童子雞體重、胰臟重及腺胃黏膜重的發展--------------31
二、童子雞胰脂肪的比活性與總活性的發展---------------33
三、童子雞腺胃黏膜脂肪的比活性與總活性的發展---------37
四、土番鴨體重、胰臟重及腺胃黏膜重的發展---------------42
五、土番鴨胰脂肪的比活性與總活性的發展---------------44
六、土番鴨腺胃黏膜脂肪的比活性與總活性的發展---------48
Ⅴ、結論-----------------------------------------------53
Ⅵ、參考文獻-------------------------------------------54
Ⅶ、英文摘要------------------------------------------64

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