臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要探討在淡水與海水環境中，不同濃度二氧化氯 (Chlorine Dioxide，ClO2) 對水及底泥中四種硝基呋喃代謝物 (AOZ、AMOZ、SC及AH ) 降解之影響與硝基呋喃代謝物在水體及底泥中的殘留情形。實驗分為四個部分，第一部分為建立四種硝基呋喃代謝物於水體及底泥中的檢測方法，結果顯示確效性能參數之專一性、回收率、重複性及定量極限皆符合衛生福利部食品藥物管理署食品化學檢驗方法之確效規範，其中四種硝基呋喃代謝物於淡水、海水及底泥中之定量極限均達0.5 ng/mL，回收率則介於90.10~109.97 %。
第二部分為不同濃度 (1、5及10 mg/L) 二氧化氯對水體中100 ng/mL 硝基呋喃代謝物降解之影響，結果顯示：1 mg/L二氧化氯處理1天後即可有效降解淡水及海水中的硝基呋喃代謝物，而各處理組中又以10 mg/L二氧化氯處理效果最顯著，不論在淡水及海水環境下 10 mg/L二氧化氯處理2天後AOZ、AMOZ、SC及AH濃度皆低於檢出限量。
第三部分為不同濃度 (10、20及40 mg/L) 二氧化氯對底泥中100 ng/mL硝基呋喃代謝物降解之影響，結果顯示各處理組中以40 mg/L二氧化氯添加效果最顯著，處理後1天即可有效降低淡水底泥及海水底泥各處理組中硝基呋喃代謝物之濃度。
第四部分為100 ng/mL四種硝基呋喃代謝物於水及底泥中的殘留情形，水中的結果顯示實驗終點 (第 90 天) AOZ於淡水及海水中殘留量為42.07 ± 0.80 及35.10 ± 0.35 ng/mL，AMOZ於淡水及海水中殘留量為31.23 ± 0.08 及21.08 ± 0.25 ng/mL，SC於淡水中殘留量為11.82 ± 0.53 ng/mL，於海水中則低於檢出限量，AH於淡水及海水中殘留量為51.17 ± 0.29 及7.03 ± 0.53 ng/ mL，但是SC在實驗第30天於海水中殘留量還有1.09 ± 0.19 ng/mL。底泥中的實驗結果顯示第1天四種硝基呋喃代謝物於淡水底泥及海水底泥中殘留濃度快速下降，之後隨時間增長，下降速度趨於緩慢，實驗終點 (第 90 天) AOZ於淡水底泥及海水底泥中殘留量為4.98 ± 0.12 及5.49 ± 0.73 ng/mL，AMOZ於淡水底泥及海水底泥中殘留量為32.78 ± 0.64 及30.02 ± 0.77 ng/mL，SC於淡水底泥及海水底泥中殘留量為1.52 ± 0.01 及1.58 ± 0.09 ng/mL，AH於淡水底泥及海水底泥中殘留量為1.11 ± 0.03 及1.31 ± 0.04 ng/mL。
本實驗結果顯示二氧化氯可以降解水體及底泥中四種硝基呋喃代謝物，但二氧化氯於底泥中需比水中使用更高的濃度。四種硝基呋喃代謝物連續 90 天後仍會殘留於水及底泥中，且在淡水中比在海水中有更高的殘留濃度。

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on degradation of four nitrofuran metabolites (AOZ, AMOZ, SC and AH) in freshwater and seawater environments of water and sediments; also to understand the situation of nitrofuran metabolites residues in water and sediments.
Experiment consisted of four parts, first was to establish the method for detecting the four nitrofuran metabolites in water and sediments, and the results showed that specificity, recovery, repeatability and limits of quantification were in line with the validation of Method of Test for chemistry in foods of Food and Drug Administration. Limits of quantification of four nitrofuran metabolites in freshwater, seawater and sediments were reached 0.5 ng/mL, and the recovery rate were between 90.10~109.97 %.
Second was the different concentrations (1, 5 and 10 mg/L) of chlorine dioxide on 100 ng/mL nitrofuran metabolites degradation in freshwater and seawater. Results showed that 1 mg/L chlorine dioxide was effective immediately in 1 day after treatment for nitrofuran metabolites in freshwater and seawater, and treatment with 10 mg/L chlorine dioxide showed the most significant result both in freshwater and seawater which the concentrations of AOZ, AMOZ, SC and AH were below the limits of quantification after 10 mg/L chlorine dioxide treatment 2 day.
Third was the different concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mg/L) of chlorine dioxide on 100 ng/mL nitrofuran metabolites degradation in sediments with freshwater and seawater. Results showed that 40 mg/L chlorine dioxide treatment effect was the most significant and effective immediately in 1 day after treatment for nitrofuran metabolites in sediments with freshwater and seawater.
Fourth was to investigate the degradation of 100 ng/mL nitrofuran metabolites in water and sediments during 90 days. In freshwater and seawater, results indicated that AOZ was 42.07 ± 0.80 and 35.10 ± 0.35 ng/mL, AMOZ was 31.23 ± 0.08 and 21.08 ± 0.25 ng/mL, SC was 11.82 ± 0.53 ng/mL and below the quantification limit, and AH was 51.17 ± 0.29 and 7.03 ± 0.53 ng/ mL on ninetieth day; but SC was still 1.09 ± 0.19 ng/mL in seawater on thirtieth day. In sediments, outcome was that four nitrofuran metabolites were degraded immediately in 1 day. The degradation rate of nitrofuran metabolites became slow with time. In sediments with freshwater and seawater on ninetieth day, AOZ was 4.98 ± 0.12 and 5.49 ± 0.73 ng/mL, AMOZ was 31.23 ± 0.08 and 21.08 ± 0.25 ng/mL, SC was 1.52 ± 0.01 and 1.58 ± 0.09 ng/mL, and AH was 1.11 ± 0.03 and 1.31 ± 0.04 ng/mL.
This experiment pointed that chlorine dioxide (ClO2) can degrade four nitrofuran metabolites (AOZ, AMOZ, SC and AH) in freshwater and seawater environments, and higher concentration was needed in sediments than in water. Four nitrofuran metabolites would remain in water and sediments for a long period, and the remaining time in seawater is longer than in freshwater.

謝辭 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 v
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻整理 3
一、抗生素在環境中流佈及影響 3
二、硝基呋喃及其代謝物之簡介 3
三、二氧化氯 (Chlorine Dioxide，ClO2) 6
四、抗生素檢測技術之探討 9
第三章 材料與方法 13
一、實驗土壤 13
二、實驗水體 13
三、二氧化氯 13
四、硝基呋喃代謝物之檢測方法 13
五、方法確效 17
六、實驗設計 19
七、數據分析 20
第四章 結果 21
一、AOZ、AMOZ、SC、AH 之方法確效 21
二、不同濃度二氧化氯對於水中硝基呋喃代謝物 (AOZ、AMOZ、SC 及 AH ) 降解之影響 23
三、不同濃度二氧化氯對於底泥中硝基呋喃代謝物 (AOZ、AMOZ、SC 及 AH ) 降解之影響 26
四、AOZ、AMOZ、SC 及 AH 於水體及底泥中之殘留濃度 29
第五章 討論 37
一、AOZ、AMOZ、SC 及 AH方法確校之探討 37
二、不同濃度二氧化氯對於水及底泥中硝基呋喃代謝物 (AOZ、AMOZ、SC 及AH ) 降解之探討 39
三、AOZ、AMOZ、SC 及 AH 於水體及底泥中殘留濃度之探討 43
第六章 結論 47
參考文獻 49

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