臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本論文為利用簡易的架構，設計實現一短距離雷達感測器，內文主要可分為兩大部分：第一部分為調頻連續波雷達感測器之研製，雷達感測器電路架構大致可為兩大部分，分別為射頻電路與基頻電路。射頻電路板主要由收發機積體電路與貼片式天線組成，基頻電路由三角波產生器、主動式帶通濾波器、包絡檢波器、積分器和比較器等組成，可直接萃取並輸出物體的位置與移動之資訊，而不經由數位訊號處理的方式。此雷達感測器電路所佔面積僅6.13 × 3.27 cm2，具有小尺寸及輕量化之特性，並使用3 V之供應電壓源，總功率消耗約為156 mW，實際量測之最遠偵測距離可達1 m，此外，在戶外環境中其偵測準確率可達72%。
　　第二部份為K頻段之收發機積體電路研製，使用台積電CMOS 90 nm製程設計，收發機主要由壓控振盪器、A類輸出放大器、低雜訊放大器、帶通濾波器和雙平衡式混頻器等子電路所組成，模擬之發射機輸出功率大於2.5 dBm，接收機整體轉換增益高達26.68 dB，且收發機電路之總功率消耗僅66.82 mW，總晶片面積為1541.6×1490.9 um2。

　　This thesis presents a simple architecture to design a short range radars (SRR) sensor from transceiver integrated circuits (IC) to baseband circuit. The thesis is mainly contains two parts. The first part implemented the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensors, which consists of Radio frequency (RF) circuit and baseband circuit. The RF circuit made up with a transceiver IC and two patch antennas. The baseband circuit contains a triangular-wave generator, active BPFs, envelope detectors, integrators, comparators, etc. In addition, the simple baseband circuit is able to extracting the information of the fb and the fd signals without the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The complete sensor has the advantage of minimal size and light weight. The total area is only 6.13 × 3.27 cm2. And the power dissipation is only 156 mW. Besides, the accuracy of the FMCW radar sensors is 72% in the outdoor environment.
　　The second part is designed and implemented a k-band transceiver in TSMC CMOS 90 nm technology. The transceiver composed of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a class-A output amplifier, a low noise amplifier (LNA), a BPF and a double balance mixer, there are operating in 24 GHz. The simulated output power is greater than 2.5 dBm. And the receiver conversion gain is up to 26.68 dB. Besides, the power dissipation of the CMOS transceiver is only 66.82 mW. The chip size of the proposed FMCW radar is 1541.6 × 1490.9 um2.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
致 謝 iv
Table of Content v
List of Figure vii
List of Tables x
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Organization of This Thesis 3
Chapter 2 Principle and Analysis of FMCW Radar Sensor 4
2.1 Theory of FMCW 4
2.1.1 Doppler Effect and CW Radar 4
2.1.2 Difference Frequency Modulations 6
2.1.2.1 Linear Frequency Modulation 6
2.1.2.2 Triangular Frequency Modulation 7
2.2 Architecture of FMCW Sensor 11
2.2.1 RF Circuits 12
2.2.2 Baseband Circuits 14
2.3 Implementation and Measurements 16
2.3.1 FMCW Module I 18
2.3.2 FMCW Module II 21
2.4 Summary 30
Chapter 3 Design of K-Band Transceiver in CMOS 31
3.1 Architecture of Transceiver in CMOS 31
3.2 Design of K-Band Transmitter 32
3.2.1 Voltage Controlled Oscillator 33
3.2.2 Output Amplifier 37
3.3 Design of K-Band Receiver 40
3.3.1 Low Noise Amplifier 41
3.3.2 Band Pass Filter 44
3.3.3 Double Balanced Mixer 46
3.4 Implementation and Simulation 53
3.5 Summary 68
Chapter 4 Conclusion 69
Reference 70

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