臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一個應用於智慧健康照護系統具有心電訊號擷取以及無線傳輸功能之系統晶片，此系統採用EPCglobal第一級第二世代通訊協定。基於此協定所設計出的貼身晶片可以避免使用主動式射頻電路傳輸訊號，以達到極低功耗以延長系統運作時間的目標。透過台灣半導體研發中心製作實際的系統晶片及內部電路以驗證構想，量測結果證實所提出之系統晶片具有低功率消耗、高資料傳輸效率、生理訊號辨識、高解析度的訊號轉換品質等特性。整體系統包括了被動式射頻前端電路、電源管理電路、基頻處理器、心電訊號擷取電路。射頻前端電路是將無線訊號解調變，將發射器的指令與參數傳給基頻處理器，接著基頻處理器會根據接收到的指令以及參數控制整個系統晶片的動作。心電訊號擷取電路則包括了前置放大器，類比濾波器以及數位類比轉換器。功用是將來自電極的物理電訊號轉換成數位資訊，並透過基頻處理器將此訊號用無線傳輸的方式回傳給外部裝置。在低功耗類比電路研究方面，相較於之前提出的類比濾波器，本論文提出一個具有自動頻寬校正極低耗之類比濾波器，並且搭配提出的轉導運算放大器，可以將整體濾波器的功耗降低46%，同時有效的提升濾波器的線性度。

This thesis presents a system chip for intelligent health care system with ECG signal acquisition and wireless transmission. This system is according to EPCglobal class-1 generation-2 communication protocol. Based on this protocol, proposed System-on-a-chip (SoC) can transmit signals without active RF circuits to achieve low power consumption and extend operating time of device. By fabricating a prototype chip to validate the proposed concept, the measurement results confirm that the SoC has characteristic of low power consumption, high data transmission efficiency, physiological signal recognition, and high-resolution signal conversion. The overall system includes a passive RF front-end circuit, a power management unit, a baseband processor, and an ECG signal acquisition circuit. The RF front-end circuit demodulates the received wireless signal and transmits the commands and parameters from the transmitter to the baseband processor. The baseband processor then controls the operation of the system according to the received commands and parameters. The ECG signal acquisition circuit includes a preamplifier, an analog filter, and a digital analog converter. The function of ECG signal acquisition circuit is to convert the physical electrical signal from electrode into digital information, and transmit the digitalized information to the external device through the baseband processor and backscatter. In the research of low-power analog circuit, this thesis proposes a low power analog filter with automatic bandwidth calibration mechanism. With the proposed transconductance operational amplifier, the power consumption of filter can be reduced by 46% while effectively increasing the linearity of the filter.

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 X
第 1 章 序論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究目的及文獻探討 4
1.2.1 台灣健康照護市場展望與商機 4
1.2.2 行動健康照護系統國外發展趨勢 4
1.2.3 採用射頻辨識系統之低功耗無線ECG檢測系統晶片 5
第 2 章 應用於生醫訊號擷取與無線傳輸系統晶片 5
2.1 射頻前端電路 5
2.2 生理訊號之讀取電路 8
2.3 基頻處理器 10
2.4 系統晶片之實作 13
2.5 效能比較 15
第 3 章 低功耗連續時間類比濾波器 17
3.1 設計類比濾波器的規格以及挑戰 18
3.2 濾波器的架構 20
3.2.1 傳統低通濾波器 20
3.2.2 多重輸出全差動積分器 21
3.2.3 使用MOFD OTA實現類比濾波器 23
3.3 轉導運算放大器的電路實現 25
3.3.1 OTA的低轉導值實現與線性化技術 25
3.3.2 本論文提出的MOFD OTA 26
3.3.3 減少差動對面積的gm放大電路 28
3.3.4 雜訊 29
3.3.5 線性度 30
3.3.6 不匹配 31
3.3.7 製程電壓溫度變異性 32
3.3.8 設計考量 35
3.4 濾波器實現 35
3.5 量測結果 36
3.6 結論 39
第 4 章 結論與未來展望 40
4.1 結論 40
4.2 未來展望 41
附錄A　低功耗及低供應電壓之數位系統與矽智財 43
A.1 低功耗標準元件庫之設計流程 44
A.1.1 標準元件庫的內容 45
A.1.2 靜態時序分析以及製程檔案的內容 47
A.1.3 標準元件庫的特性化流程 51
A.2 非同步數位電路設計 57
A.3 應用於RFID標籤系統晶片之低功耗基頻處理器 60
A.3.1 提出的脈波間距編碼之解碼器 60
A.3.2 非同步系統設計 63
A.3.3 低功耗記憶體設計 64
A.3.4 整體數位系統之實現 66
A.4 全數位時脈產生器 67
A.4.1 對製程電壓溫度低敏感的環形震盪器 67
A.4.2 數位控制震盪器 69
A.4.3 延遲元件的特性 69
附錄B 具有心律不整檢測功能之混合訊號式類比前端電路 74
B.1 電容耦合式儀表放大器 74
B.2 時脈的安排 76
B.3 具有R波檢測功能的類比數位轉換器 77
B.4 R波檢測原理 78
B.5 量測結果 79
B.6 晶片製作與效能列表 81
B.7 總結 83
參考文獻 85
著作列表 90
作者簡介 91

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