臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中國大陸致力推動一帶一路，目標著重在全球放貸興建基礎設施，與我國新南向政策透過我優勢與創新產業拓展市場不同，兩岸政策互不干擾，甚至一帶一路鐵公路與高鐵建設完成後，更有利我國產業在新南向國家發展，例如陸企在東協國家架設光纖電纜後，我國可增添智慧裝置，亦可在大眾運輸工具上加裝顯示裝置及物聯網設施。
本研究先以東協及南亞國家為主體，探討其對中國大陸及台灣貿易關係，發現自2000年以來，其等對中國大陸機電產品貿易增長迅速，多為中間財，顯示彼此在該領域融入供應鏈漸深，此對我國相關產業經貿與投資恐造成排擠，因台灣重點產業為半導體、車用電子，再加上資通與視聽產品，佔整體出口約44%。此外，台灣上述產業亦面臨諸多挑戰：韓國三星致力發展晶片設計與製造、美中貿易戰威脅台灣設計大陸組裝而銷往美國之產業、中國大陸等多國政府均斥資培養科技人才、美英日以(色列)在開發AI晶片、AI應用及超級電腦已是全球龍頭等。
此外，我國在全球供應鏈上的加工附加價值漸次提升，主要是因掌握關鍵技術，使我國專業ODM產品如晶片等，在全球市佔率約66%，換言之，國際知名品牌製程中需將產品送到台灣設計與加工，顯示台商產能、成本、交期及與品牌整體系統相容等均受肯定，而受益於產業聚落，此產業生態環境造就其他產業蓬勃發展，如IC晶圓ODM帶動IC封測、設計及設備廠的發展，而主機板與PC大廠的技嘉、華擎、仁寶、緯創亦跟進申請許多關鍵專利技術。
本研究最後探討以我國優勢產業尋求新南向國家22億人口市場之商機，從電子產品在地化功能、交通工具及製造業升級等方面，找出該等國家需求，並彙整設廠成功台商，作為相關領域上下游廠商前往設廠之參考，另亦建議政府與同業公會以共同研發、舉辦論壇及設立學校等方式，協助我國科技與製程優勢產業往新南向國家發展。
本研究採用描述統計及文獻分析法，從經貿數據等資料找出我優勢產業，再從各類文獻尋求前進新南向市場可行建議，如何發展新南向國家市場作為我國企業避險，同時嘉惠彼此企業。

Mainland China is promoting the One Belt and One Road Initiative and its focus is on infrastructure-building, while Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy focuses more on helping its industries find business opportunities. Therefore, the OBOR and the New Southbound Policy are not contradicting each other. They could even be complementary. For example, Taiwan’s ETC network system could be useful to public transportation in New Southbound countries.
This study is based on the ASEAN and South Asian countries and explores their trade relations with China and Taiwan. It found that since 2000, trade in mechanical and electrical products in China has grown rapidly, mostly in intermediate goods, showing that China and ASEAN are integrated in this field. As the supply chain is getting deeper, China’s trade with ASEAN countries may affect Taiwan’s business opportunities because Taiwan’s key industries were semiconductors, automotive electronics, and ICT products, which accounted for 44% of the total exports. In addition, those Taiwan sectors have faced other external challenges. For example, Samsung puts significant effort in developing new chips; US-China trade friction can impact the products that are ordered or designed in Taiwan, assembled in China and then sold to the US; Britain is developing IPU（Intelligence Processing Unit）; China and Singapore have invested in developing the workforce of semiconductor industries; and Japan, the US and Israel are the world leaders in the development of AI chips, AI applications and supercomputers.
In addition, Taiwan's processing added value in the global supply chain has gradually increased, mainly due to the mastery of key technologies. For example, Taiwan’s semiconductor fabrication held around 66% of market share in the world in 2017. Those well-known brands had to send their products to Taiwan to conduct value-added process because foreign buyers highly trusted its capacity, cost, timely delivery, and compatibility. Taiwan's advantage, in turn, benefited the industry clusters. Therefore, Semiconductor fabrication ODM made PCB and PC corporates prosper.
This study further explored the business opportunities of Taiwan’s competitive industries, including electronics, transportation and manufacturing upgrades, to seek the market of 2.2 billion people in the New Southbound countries. We tried to identify the industrial needs of these countries and collected some evidences from Taiwanese companies which successfully extended their factories into New Southbound countries. Finally, we provide suggestions for Taiwanese government and business sectors. It is also recommended that the government and the trade associations assist the development of Taiwan's science and technology and process industries to the New Southbound countries through joint research and development, forums and setting up education and training institutions.
This study uses the method of citation analysis to explore China’s OBOR and its impact. It uses a descriptive statistics method to find out about trade relations between China and Taiwan, and China and ASEAN countries. Then, it tries to identify Taiwan’s competitive industries and business opportunities in New Southbound countries. The suggestions which we come up with should benefit Taiwan’s corporates and the New Southbound countries.

Table of contents

1. Introduction 1
2. Literature Review 9
2.1. The trading between ASEAN/ India and China/ Taiwan 9
2.2. Trading structure shifting between China and Southern Countries 11
2.3. Taiwan’s investment and trade with New Southbound countries 59
3. The Development of Taiwan’s Advantage Firms in ASEAN/ South Asia 94
3.1. The supply chain and cooperation opportunities on electronics industries from the Cross-Straits to develop other places 96
3.2. Business opportunities in new Southbound countries 111
4. The Cross-Straits Competition and Cooperation in ASEAN/ South Asia: the Successful Cases of Taiwan’s Firms 161
4.1. The significances of our high-tech and manufacturing industries 170
4.2. The successful cases for investing in New Southbound countries 173
4.3. The Cross-Straits’ business development in New Southbound countries 175
4.4. The challenges and competition of Taiwan’s industries 178
5. Conclusion and Suggestions 180
Bibliography 187

 
Figures
Figure1 ASEAN’s consumer spending growth rate 9
Figure2 China’s import from ASEAN and South Asia countries on HS 84 ($100 million) 14
Figure3 China’s export to ASEAN and South Asia countries on HS 84 ($100 million) 15
Figure4 China’s import from ASEAN and South Asia countries on HS 85 ($100 million) 17
Figure5 China’s import from ASEAN and South Asia countries on HS 85 ($100 million) 17
Figure6 China’s top 5 imports from Taiwan in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 23
Figure7 China’s top 5 exports to Taiwan in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 24
Figure8 China’s trade with Vietnam in 2007-2016 ($10,000) 28
Figure9 China’s top importing products from Vietnam in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 29
Figure10 China’s top 5 exporting products from Vietnam in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 30
Figure11 China’s top 5 imports from Malaysia in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 33
Figure12 China’s top 5 exports to Malaysia in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 34
Figure13 China’s top 5 imports from Singapore in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 36
Figure14 China’s top 5 exports to Singapore in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 37
Figure15 China’s top 5 imports from Thailand in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 39
Figure16 China’s top 5 exports to Thailand in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 40
Figure17 China’s top 5 imports from India in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 42
Figure18 China’s top 5 exports to India in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 43
Figure19 India’s employment rate from 1991 to 2017 44
Figure20 China’s top 5 imports from Indonesia in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 46
Figure21 China’s top 5 exports to Indonesia in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 48
Figure22 China’s top 5 imports from the Philippines in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 49
Figure23 China’s top 5 exports to the Philippines in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 50
Figure 24 The portion of China’s processing trade in recent 20 years 52
Figure25 China’s trade dependency in 1997-2016 55
Figure26 The percentage of China’s industry in GDP in 1997 to 2016 56
Figure27 the increase of export for APEC members in 1995-2011 59
Figure28 Taiwan’s accumulation of investment in ASEAN in 2006-2015 ($/ million) 62
Figure29 Singapore EXP/ IMP to Taiwan in 2006-2016 ($ billion) 66
Figure30 Taiwan’s main imports from Singapore in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 66
Figure31 Taiwan’s main exports to Singapore in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 67
Figure32 Vietnam’s main imports from 2014 to 2016 ($ thousand) 68
Figure33 Vietnam’s main exports from 2014 to 2016 ($ thousand) 69
Figure34 Malaysia’s main imports from 2014 to 2016 ($ million) 70
Figure35 Malaysia’s main exports from 2014 to 2016 ($ million) 70
Figure36 Thailand’s main imports in 2014-2016 ($ thousand) 71
Figure37 Thailand’s main export in 2014-2016 ($ million) 71
Figure38 India’s main imports from 2014 to 2016 ($ million) 73
Figure39 Taiwan’s main exports to India from 2015 to 2016 ($) 73
Figure40 Taiwan’s main imports from 2015-2016 ($) 77
Figure41 Taiwan’s main exports to Indonesia from 2015 to 2016 ($) 78
Figure42 Taiwan’s imports from the Philippines from 2015 to 2016 ($) 82
Figure43 Taiwan’s main exports to the Philippines from 2015 to 2016 ($) 88
Figure44 the combination of six semiconductors can mean dozens of the circuit. 104
Figure45 million of semiconductors become a chip 104
Figure46 the exporting volume of minerals and energy in 2014 and 2015 113
Figure47 the exporting amounts of minerals and energy in 2014 and 2015 113
Figure48 the percentage of different kinds of minerals on exporting 114
Figure49 change in popularity from1967 to 2016 in ASEAN’s 114
Figure50 VR theme park in Dubai 121
Figure51 Taiwan Surface Mounting Technology’s Indian factories 124
Figure52 AM (aftermarket) parts 125
Figure53 Automotive electronics cost as a percentage of total car cost worldwide from 1950 to 2030 126
Figure54 AVM (Around View Monitor) 133
Figure55 LONG battery 135
Figure56 SYM’s advertisements and store appearance in Vietnam 136
Figure57 Honda’s advertisements and store appearance in Vietnam 136
Figure58 The top 5 companies and their market share 140
Figure59 Far Eastern help Vietnam build the first RFID ETC toll collection system in 2015 141
Figure60 Taiwanese machine tools 146
Figure61 KENMEC’s products for logistics, automation, and unmanned transporting 146
Figure62 Prognostic and Health Management Software 149
Figure63 Industrial Development Bureau: automatic production lines for wood furniture 151
Figure64 Jian-quan rubber company’s automatic production line 151
Figure65 Sinmag’s food process machinery 153
Figure66 Tsung Hsing Food Machinery’s frying machine 154
Figure67 Karma’s (康揚) wheelchairs 156
Figure68 India's medical equipment industry's foreign product dependence degree 157
Figure69 The medicals sales model in India 159
Figure70 Industrial automation / robotic arm produced by DELTA Electronics 159
Figure71 Yisheng Machinery sold in India 160
Figure72 Advantech’s products 161
Figure73 TECO’s electric tricycle in the Philippines 173
Figure74 The different efficiency between 4G and 5G 181
tables
Table 1 The economic growth rate of ASEAN in 2016-2017 10
Table 2 China’s trading with ASEN in 2016, value and growth rate ($, 100 million, %) 11
Table 3 China’s main imports from Taiwan, ASEAN, and South Asia in 2000-2016 (100 million) 13
Table 4 China’s IMEX with from ASEAN and South Asia countries on HS 84 ($100 million) 15
Table 5 China’s IMEX with from ASEAN and South Asia countries on HS 84 ($100 million) 17
Table 6 China’s trading with ASEAN countries from 1997 to 2016($ 10,000) 20
Table 7 China’s trading with South Asia countries from 1997 to 2016 ($ 10,000) 21
Table 8 The amount of trade between China (+ Hong Kong) and Taiwan ($1,000) 22
Table 9 China’s top 5 imports from Taiwan ($100 million) 23
Table 10 China’s top 5 exports to Taiwan in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 25
Table 11 The main items of China’s electronics imported from Taiwan ($1,000) 25
Table 12 The main items of China’s electronics exported to Taiwan ($1,000) 26
Table 13 Taiwan’s IC output/ sales amounts in 2014-2016 ($1,000) 26
Table 14 China’s trade with Vietnam, compared with Malaysia (10,000) 28
Table 15 China’s top importing products from Vietnam in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 30
Table 16 China's top 5 exporting products to Vietnam in 2014- 2016 and the growth rate in 2015 31
Table 17 China’s top 5 imports from Malaysia in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 34
Table 18 China’s top 5 exports to Malaysia in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 35
Table 19 China’s top 5 imports from Singapore in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 36
Table 20 China’s top 5 exports to Singapore in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 37
Table 21 China’s top 5 imports from Thailand in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 39
Table 22 China’s top 5 exports to Thailand in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 40
Table 23 China’s top 5 imports from India in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 42
Table 24 China’s top 5 exports to India in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 43
Table 25 The imports and exports of the Indian automotive market 45
Table 26 China’s top 5 imports from Indonesia in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 47
Table 27 China’s top 5 exports to Indonesia in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 48
Table 28 China’s top 5 imports from the Philippines in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 49
Table 29 China’s top 5 exports to the Philippines in 2014-2016 ($100 million) 50
Table 30 China’s economic and trading situation in 1997-2004 ($100 million) 52
Table 31 China’s economic and trading situation in 2005-2012 ($100 million) 53
Table 32 China’s economic and trading situation in 2013-2016 ($100 million) 54
Table 33 The percentage of China’s industry in GDP in 1997 to 2016 56
Table 34 The sales percentage in Taiwan, China, US, and Japan’s intermediate and end products 58
Table 35 Taiwan’s investment in ASEAN in the past 47 years ($ million) 61
Table 36 The significances of the trade between Taiwan and ASEAN/ South Asia 62
Table 37 the amounts of Taiwan’s imports in 1997-2016 64
Table 38 the amounts of Taiwan’s exports in 1997-2016 65
Table 39 Top 10 semiconductor fabrication plants globally in 2017($, million) 95
Table 40 The leading five categories accounted for 71% of total exports. 96
Table 41 Taiwan’s exports to the world from June 2016 to May 2017 101
Table 42 Top semiconductor fabrication company in 2017 and their market share 105
Table 43 TSMC makes chips for Huawei and creates industry cluster effect 106
Table 44 Huawei cell phone output volume in 2010-2016(million) 106
Table 45 the ranking of global top companies’ output volume of smartphone 106
Table 46 The 41 Taiwanese listed companies in Apple’s supply chain in 2017 107
Table 47 Apple’s suppliers with branches in South East Asia in 2017 108
Table 48 Foxconn’s 4 strategies to develop AI 111
Table 49 Taiwan’s exports on minerals in 2015 113
Table 50 The upstream and downstream in the supply chain of panel 120
Table 51 The upstream and downstream in the supply chain of computer 122
Table 52 Taiwanese automotive component companies 127
Table 53 32 Taiwanese businesses in Thailand 129
Table 54 Taiwanese automotive IoT companies and specialties 133
Table 55 Taiwanese automotive companies in Vietnam 138
Table 56 The AI development policy in Four Asian Tigers 144
Table 57 Taiwanese companies implementing automatic production 145
Table 58 Taiwan’s textile, machinery, automotive industries investment in New Southbound countries in 2006-2015 ($ million) 147
Table 59 The 41 Taiwanese listed companies in Apple’s supply chain in 2017 169
Table 60 Taiwan’s corporates having business with ZTE 178

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