臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全釩氧化還原液流電池（All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery，VRFB）是一種利用不同氧化態的釩離子進行氧化還原反應的儲能裝置。其具有效率高、壽命長、成本低、功率與儲能容量能夠彈性擴充等優點。通常全釩液流電池會和太陽能或是風能等間歇性可再生能源結合應用，使電力能夠穩定輸出。而電池設計和操作條件是影響釩液流電池性能的重要因素，另外，當多個電池堆串聯連接時，在電解質中會產生歧路電流，降低電池效率。在此研究中，基於克西荷夫定律建構一個數學模型來研究電池堆數量對系統效率的影響。預測不同電池堆數量下電池堆內以及管線系統的歧路電流。
其模擬結果表明，增加電池堆數量能有效降低歧路電流之損耗，但同時會使多電池堆系統總壓力降增加，歧路電流對電池系統效率有很大的影響。在本研究中，系統主歧管管徑為1.75 inch時，電解液流率為0.49 ml min−1 cm−2，電池堆數量為24 stacks時提供了最大的淨輸出功率。

An all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is an energy storage device that uses redox reaction of vanadium ions with different oxidation states. It has the advantages of high efficiency, long life, low cost, flexible expansion of power and energy storage capacity. Usually VRFBs are combined with intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar or wind energy to enable stable output of electricity. The battery design and operating conditions are important factors that affect the performance of the all-vanadium flow battery. In addition, when multiple battery stacks are connected in series, shunt currents are also generated in the electrolyte path ways, which reduce the battery efficiency. In this study a mathematical model to investigate the effect stack number on the system efficiency is developed based on Kirchhoff’s law. The shunt currents within each stack and piping system are predicted under various stack numbers.
Simulation results show that increasing the number of stacks can effectively reduce the loss of the shunt current, but simultaneously increase the total pressure drop of the electrolyte within the multi-stack system. The shunt current loss has a great influence on the efficiency of the battery system. In this study, the system with the manifold diameter of 1.75 inch, electrolyte flow rate of 0.49 ml min−1 cm−2, and number of twenty-four stacks battery provides the maximum of net output power

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xiv
第1章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 儲能系統簡介 1
1-2-1 飛輪儲能 1
1-2-2 抽蓄水力儲能 2
1-2-3 壓縮空氣儲能 3
1-2-4 二次電池 3
1-2-5 氧化還原液流電池 3
1-3 全釩氧化還原液流電池簡介 4
1-3-1 全釩液流電池工作原理 4
1-3-2 全釩液流電池結構組成 5
1-3-3 全釩液流電池效率計算 6
1-3-4 電解液操作條件 6
1-3-5 電池堆歧路電流介紹 7
第2章 文獻回顧 8
2-1 電池元件影響 8
2-2 電解液操作條件 14
2-3 電池堆系統效率之影響 19
2-4 研究目的 23
第3章 研究方法與過程 24
3-1 研究方法 24
3-2 電池堆串聯系統歧路電流模型 25
3-2-1 歧路電流模型 25
3-2-2 模型求解方法 27
3-2-3 電池堆模型流道設計 29
3-2-4 能量轉換效率 30
3-3 電池堆串聯系統泵浦耗能模型 31
3-3-1 電池堆內部壓力降 33
3-3-2 電池堆外部管線壓力降 34
3-4 電池系統效率 35
第4章 結果與討論 37
4-1 歧路電流之模擬結果 37
4-1-1 電流分布情形 38
4-1-2 電池堆內歧路電流分布情形 42
4-1-3 電池堆間歧路電流分布情形 65
4-1-4 電池堆歧路電流所造成之功率損耗 85
4-1-5 充放電能量轉換效率 85
4-2 泵浦耗能之模擬結果 88
4-2-1 電池堆之總壓力降 88
4-2-2 主流道歧管尺寸之影響 91
4-2-3 主流道歧管尺寸對泵浦耗能之影響 94
4-3 電池系統效率分析 96
第5章 結論 104

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