臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的是以親子互動情境探究難養育幼兒和好養育幼兒反應與母親教養行為之相關。研究對象是 22 對難養育幼兒和 23 對好養育幼兒及其母親。研究者依母親的養育知覺與氣質量表來篩選兩組幼兒，並採用收拾玩具作業，以觀察幼兒與母親的互動行為。而後，以 t 考驗和 Pearson 積差相關考驗研究假設。研究發現： (一) 難養育幼兒的不理會、協商和拒絕等不順從行為皆較好養育幼兒多。 (二) 難養育幼兒母親所使用的解釋示範行為較好養育幼兒的母親少，但是直接命令、威脅譴責以及肢體介入等行為則較好養育幼兒的母親多。 (三) 兩組幼兒的不理會行為皆與母親的協商討論、肢體介入等行為呈正相關；難養育幼兒的反抗行為與母親的威脅譴責行為呈正相關；好養育幼兒的主動順從與母親的協商討論、肢體介入行為呈負相關。

根據上述的研究結果，建議後續研究可以將實驗情境轉移至實驗室裡，並提供較大型的玩具，以觀察難養育幼兒與母親的互動，或是探討幼兒的性別、年齡以及母親的身心特質等變項，對難養育幼兒與母親互動行為之影響。

The objective of this study is to explore the relationship of difficult and easy children’s responses, parenting behaviors. There were 22 pairs of difficult children and 23 pairs of easy children, and their mothers in this research. The researcher screened difficult and easy children according to the rearing perception of the mothers and the results of the temperament questionnaires. Research method is used to clean-up task, observed the difficult and easy children’s responses, parenting behaviors during mother–child interaction. The data was analyzed by t-test and Pearson product–moment correlation. The results are shown in the follows:
1. The difficult children’s noncompliance: neglect, negotiation and refusal behaviors more than the easy children’s.
2. The difficult children’s maternal use of explanations/demonstrations behaviors less than the easy children’s maternal; the difficult children’s maternal use of direct commands, threats/reprimands and physical interventions behaviors more than the easy children’s maternal.
3. There were significant positive correlations between children’s neglect and their maternal use of bargains and physical interventions behaviors; and there were significant positive correlations between difficult children’s defiant and their maternal use of threats/reprimands behaviors; there were significant negative correlations between easy children’s committed compliance and their maternal use of bargains and physical interventions behaviors.

According to the result of the research, suggested that future research can be transferred to the laboratory experimental conditions, and provide larger toys to observe the difficult children –mother interaction, or the impacts of children's gender, age and mother's characteristics may be worth discussing.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………II
謝辭……………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
目次……………………………………………………………………………V
表次……………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究動機與目的……………………………………………………1
第二節 研究問題……………………………………………………………4
第三節 名詞釋義……………………………………………………………5
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………………7
第一節 難養育幼兒氣質之探究……………………………………………7
第二節 親子互動的探討……………………………………………………14
第三節 母親教養行為與幼兒反應之探討…………………………………20
第三章 研究方法……………………………………………………………33
第一節 研究對象……………………………………………………………33
第二節 研究工具……………………………………………………………37
第三節 實施程序……………………………………………………………43
第四節 資料處理……………………………………………………………46
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………………………47
第一節 難養育幼兒和好養育幼兒反應的差異……………………………47
第二節 難養育幼兒和好養育幼兒的母親教養行為之差異………………52
第三節 難養育幼兒和好養育幼兒反應與母親教養行為之相關…………57
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………………63
第一節 結論…………………………………………………………………63
第二節 建議…………………………………………………………………65
參考文獻
一、中文部分…………………………………………………………………68
二、西文部份…………………………………………………………………70
附錄
附錄一：家長同意函…………………………………………………………74
附錄二：幼兒氣質量表………………………………………………………75
附錄三：研究參與者家長同意函……………………………………………79
附錄四：玩具清單……………………………………………………………80
附錄五：互動情境下母親教養行為觀察表…………………………………81
附錄六：互動情境下幼兒反應觀察表………………………………………82
附錄七：給家長的信1-幼兒氣質評估結果…………………………………83
附錄八：給家長的信2-幼兒氣質向度說明…………………………………84
附錄九：給家長的信3-不同氣質幼兒養育技巧……………………………85
附錄十：給家長的信4-收拾玩具情境分析結果……………………………87
附錄十一：給家長的信5-母親與幼兒收拾玩具之行為說明………………88
附錄十二：給園所的信1-幼兒氣質評估結果………………………………89

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