臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

太陽能集熱器主要可用於社區及家庭用水之加熱、室溫調節、蒸餾系統及乾燥等用途；其優點是結構簡單、維護容易且較少故障。對太陽能集熱器效率的影響因素甚多，尤以集熱器之流體流動組數、流體總流量及迴流比值所造成的影響最顯著。
　　本文針對迴流型式的矩形通道之平板型太陽能集熱器來討論：(一)迴流效應、(二)集熱器之流體流動組數、(三)翅的數量、(四)流體通道的形狀、(五)矩形通道之縱橫比、(六)流體總質量流率、(七)進口溫度、(八)太陽光入射強度等參數對集熱器的影響，並將結果與傳統單行程之太陽能集熱器相比，且進一步討論其集熱效率提升率與水力消耗增加量，而得到經濟考量下之最佳設計與操作變因。研究結果顯示，矩形的流體通道會比傳統圓管之管板式太陽能集熱器有較佳的集熱效率，且加翅型及具迴流型比無翅無迴流型之太陽能集熱器有較高之集熱效率，最後由實驗結果來驗證數學摸型的正確性。

The study presents theoretical and experimental results of the device performance on flat-plate solar water heaters with rectangular flow ducts under recycle operation. Comparisons of the collector efficiency were made between the present device and the conventional type collector. The theoretical and experimental results show that the collector efficiencies can be effectively enhanced by using recycle operation. The theoretical and experimental results of flat-plate solar water heaters with rectangular flow ducts have been carried out with as the recycle ratio, number of pair ducts, number of fins attached, aspect ratio of flow ducts, mass flow rate, inlet fluid temperature and incident solar radiation as the operating and design parameters. The collector efficiencies for flat-plate solar water heaters with external recycle increase with increasing recycle ratio, mass flow rate and incident solar, but decrease with increasing inlet water temperature and number of pair ducts. The effects of the recycle ratio and number of fins attached on the collector efficiency enhancement are represented graphically, where the power consumption increment under such recycle operations has also delineated.

目錄

中文摘要Ⅰ
英文摘要Ⅱ
目錄Ⅲ
圖目錄Ⅵ
表目錄XX
第一章 緒論1
1-1 引言1
1-2 簡介及文獻回顧 2
1-2.1 太陽能應用與優勢2
1-2.2 管板式太陽能集熱器5
1-3 研究動機與方向12
第二章 理論分析15
2-1 管板式太陽能集熱器之簡介15
2-2 太陽能集熱器之能量結算與管內之溫度分佈16
2-2.1 無翅型太陽能集熱器16
2-2.2 加翅型太陽能集熱器23
2-3 熱傳係數和經驗式與集熱器之集熱效率30
2-4 水力消耗增加率與集熱效率提升百分比34
2-5 太陽能集熱器之流體於管內的流動型式36
2-5.1 並聯型式37
2-5.2 串聯型式39
2-5.3 相反側進出迴流型式41
2-5.4 同側進出迴流型式43
第三章 實驗45
3-1 實驗裝置與測量儀器45
3-2 實驗步驟50
3-3 實驗結果51
第四章 結果與討論62
4-1 不同的集熱器形式對集熱器之效率的影響62
4-2 不同操作參數對集熱器之集熱效率的影響63
4-3太陽光入射量對集熱器之集熱效率之影響64
4-4 迴流效應對集熱器之集熱效率的影響65
4-5翅數量對集熱器的影響66
4-6 流體質量流率對集熱器之集熱效率的影響66
4-7 流體通道之形狀對集熱效率的影響67
4-8 矩形流體通道縱橫比對集熱效率的影響68
4-9 集熱器之水力消耗68
第五章 結論70
符號說明198
參考文獻203
附錄209

圖目錄

圖1 太陽能之應用。 4
圖2 拋物線的反射槽之複合式集熱器。10
圖3 無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器。11
圖4 加翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器。11
圖5 無翅型集熱器之單位長度吸收板能量平衡之示意圖。17
圖6 無翅型太陽能集熱器之矩形通道內流體能量平衡示意圖。22
圖7 加翅型集熱器之單位長度吸收板能量平衡之示意圖。24
圖8 翅上之能量平衡示意圖。25
圖9 加翅型太陽能集熱器之圓管內流體能量平衡示意圖。29
圖10 並聯無翅型之流動示意圖。37
圖11 並聯加翅型之流動示意圖。37
圖12 串聯無翅型之流動示意圖。39
圖13 串聯加翅型之流動示意圖。39
圖14 反側進出迴流無翅型之流動示意圖。41
圖15 反側進出迴流加翅型之流動示意圖。41
圖16 同側進出迴流無翅型之流動示意圖。43
圖17 同側進出迴流加翅型之流動示意圖。43
圖18 無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器並聯型式實驗操作裝置圖。46
圖19 無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器同側進出迴流型式實驗操作裝置圖。47
圖20 並聯型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器的入射強度與之流體總流量對集熱效率之影響; n = 1。53
圖21 並聯型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器的入射強度與之流體總流量對集熱效率之影響; n = 2。54
圖22 同側迴流型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器的 入射強度與之流體總流量對集熱效率之影響; n = 1, R =1。55
圖23 同側迴型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器的入 射強度與之流體總流量對集熱效率之影響; n = 1, R =2。56
圖24 同側迴流型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器的 入射強度與之流體總流量對集熱效率之影響; n = 2, R =1。57
圖25 同側迴型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器的入 射強度與之流體總流量對集熱效率之影響; n = 2, R =2。58
圖26 串聯無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1。72
圖27 串聯無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1。73
圖28 串聯無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1。74
圖29 串聯無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1。75
圖30 串聯無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1。76
圖31 串聯無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1。77
圖32 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1。78
圖33 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1。79
圖34 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1。80
圖35 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1。81
圖36 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1。82
圖37 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1。83
圖38 反側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1。84
圖39 反側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1。85
圖40 反側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1。86
圖41 反側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1。87
圖42 反側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1。88
圖43 反側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1。89
圖44 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1, Nf =2。 90
圖45 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, Nf =2。 91
圖46 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1, Nf =2。 92
圖47 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1, Nf =4。 93
圖48 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, Nf =4。 94
圖49 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1, Nf =4。 95
圖50 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1, Nf =2。96
圖51 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, Nf =2。97
圖52 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1, Nf =2。98
圖53 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1, Nf =4。99
圖54 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, Nf =4。100
圖55 反側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1, Nf =4。101
圖56 同側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1。102
圖57 同側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1。103
圖58 同側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1。104
圖59 同側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1。105
圖60 同側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1。106
圖61 同側進出迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1。107
圖62 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1, Nf =2。108
圖63 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, Nf =2。109
圖64 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1, Nf =2。110
圖65 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1, Nf =4。 111
圖66 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, Nf =4。 112
圖67 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1, Nf =4。113
圖68 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1, Nf =2。114
圖69 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, Nf =2。115
圖70 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1, Nf =2。116
圖71 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1, Nf =4。117
圖72 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, Nf =4。118
圖73 同側進出迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, m = 9 kg min-1, Nf =4。119
圖74 串聯無翅型之圓管與矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 3 kg min-1。120
圖75 串聯加翅型之圓管與矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, Nf =2。121
圖76 反側迴流型無翅型之圓管與矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, R =2。122
圖77 反側迴流加翅型之圓管與矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, R =2, Nf =2。123
圖78 同側迴流型無翅型之圓管與矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, R =2。124
圖79 同側迴流加翅型之圓管與矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, m = 6 kg min-1, R =2, Nf =2。125
圖80 串聯無翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1。126
圖81 串聯加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, Nf =2。127
圖82 串聯加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, Nf =4。128
圖83 反側迴流無翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =2。129
圖84 反側迴流無翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =4。130
圖85 反側迴流加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =2, Nf =2。131
圖86 反側迴流加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =2, Nf =4。132
圖87 反側迴流加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =4, Nf =2。133
圖88 反側迴流加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =4, Nf =4。134
圖89 同側迴流無翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =2。135
圖90 同側迴流無翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =4。136
圖91 同側迴流加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =2, Nf =2。137
圖92 同側迴流加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =2, Nf =4。138
圖93 同側迴流加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =4, Nf =2。139
圖94 同側迴流加翅型之不同長寬比的矩形通道對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; Tf,0 = 293K, n=1, R =4, Nf =4。140
圖95 串聯無翅型之流體總流量對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, n=1。141
圖96 串聯無翅型之流體總流量對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, n=1。142
圖97 串聯加翅型之流體總流量對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, n=1。143
圖98 串聯加翅型之流體總流量對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, n=1。144
圖99 反側迴流無翅型之流體總流量對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, n=1。145
圖100 反側迴流無翅型之流體總流量對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, n=1。146
圖101 反側迴流加翅型之流體總流量與迴流比對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, n=1, Nf =2。147
圖102 反側迴流加翅型之流體總流量與迴流比對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, n=1, Nf =4。148
圖103 反側迴流加翅型之流體總流量與迴流比對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, n=1, Nf =2。149
圖104 反側迴流加翅型之流體總流量與迴流比對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, n=1, Nf =4。150
圖105 同側迴流無翅型之流體總流量對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, n=1。151
圖106 同側迴流無翅型之流體總流量對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, n=1。152
圖107 同側迴流加翅型之流體總流量與迴流比對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, n=1, Nf =2。153
圖108 同側迴流加翅型之流體總流量與迴流比對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, n=1, Nf =4。154
圖109 同側迴流加翅型之流體總流量與迴流比對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, n=1, Nf =2。155
圖110同側迴流加翅型之流體總流量與迴流比對集熱器的集熱效率之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, n=1, Nf =4。156
圖111 串聯無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1。157
圖112 串聯無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1。158
圖113 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2。159
圖114 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4。160
圖115 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2。161
圖116 串聯加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4。162
圖117 反側迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, R =2。163
圖118 反側迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, R =2。164
圖119 反側迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, R =4。165
圖120 反側迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, R =4。166
圖121 反側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2, R =2。167
圖122 反側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4, R =2。168
圖123 反側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2, R =2。169
圖124 反側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4, R =2。170
圖125 反側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2, R =4。171
圖126 反側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4, R =4。172
圖127 反側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2, R =4。173
圖128 反側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4, R =4。174
圖129 同側迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, R =2。175
圖130 同側迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, R =2。176
圖131 同側迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, R =4。177
圖132 同側迴流無翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, R =4。178
圖133 同側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2, R =2。179
圖134 同側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4, R =2。180
圖135 同側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2, R =2。181
圖136 同側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4, R =2。182
圖137 同側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2, R =4。183
圖138 同側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 0.5 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4, R =4。184
圖139 同側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =2, R =4。185
圖140 同側迴流加翅型之流體流動組數對 之影響; I0 = 1 kJ m-2s-1, Nf =4, R =4。186

表目錄

表1 層流時矩形通道在不同長寬比時之納塞數與泛寧摩擦係數。33
表2 並聯型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器理論與實驗數據表。51
表3 同側迴型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器理論與實驗數據表。52
表4 並聯型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器理論與實驗誤差表。59
表5 同側迴型式之無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器理論與實驗數據表。60
表6 無翅型矩形通道平板式太陽能集熱器實驗結果之再現性，Tf,0 = 293K。61
表7 串聯無翅型之集熱器的集熱效率提升百分比。 187
表8 串聯加翅型之集熱器的集熱效率提升百分比；Nf =2。188
表9 串聯加翅型之集熱器的集熱效率提升百分比；Nf =4。188
表10 反側迴流無翅型之集熱器的集熱效率提升百分比。189
表11 反側迴流加翅型之集熱器的集熱效率提升百分比；Nf =2。190
表12 反側迴流加翅型之集熱器的集熱效率提升百分比；Nf =4。191
表13 同側迴流無翅型之集熱器的集熱效率提升百分比。192
表14 同側迴流加翅型之集熱器的集熱效率提升百分比；Nf =2。93
表15 同側迴流加翅型之集熱器的集熱效率提升百分比；Nf =4。194
表16 串聯型式之集熱器的水力消耗增加率。195
表17 反側迴流型式之集熱器的水力消耗增加率。196
表18 串聯加翅型之集熱器的水力消耗增加率。197

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