臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

大頭金蠅 (Chrysomya megacephala) (Diptera, Callophoridae) 屬世界廣泛分布的衛生害蟲，造成人畜蠅蛆症，為細菌、病原菌之機械攜帶者，亦為傳染病之病媒，在人類居家環境上則屬於騷擾性害蟲。在法醫昆蟲方面，大頭金蠅為屍食性蠅種之ㄧ，故其在各溫度下的生長發育資料及型態特徵做為屍體死亡時間判定的鑑定工具。另外在南台灣利用大頭金蠅作為芒果授粉媒介，為農民帶來一定的經濟利益。故大頭金蠅之人工飼料開發與大量飼養流程之建立，可提供生長條件一致，數量穩定的大頭金蠅，對於日後進一步的學術研究與授粉媒介之應用等皆有很大的幫助。本實驗利用兩種人工飼料配方與天然食物來源，個別大量飼養大頭金蠅，試驗其各生長時期之表現。發現兩種人工飼料皆可提供大頭金蠅完成完整的生長發育階段，兩種人工飼料在生長表現上並無差異，且在幼蟲化蛹率及成蟲羽化率上比天然食物來源 (新鮮豬肝) 具較好之生長表現，顯示本實驗改良之人工飼料配方可利用於實驗室內之大量飼育。另外試驗不同幼蟲密度飼養，選擇五種幼蟲密度處理，即25克乾飼料分別接入50、100、200、300及400隻幼蟲，結果發現最佳的幼蟲飼養密度為200隻幼蟲/25克乾飼料，此接入密度下幼蟲的生長表現良好，並可得到最佳的成蟲數量，即每克乾飼料可獲得7.44之成蟲。總結上述，本試驗改良之飼料配方具有大量飼養之應用價值。

The Oriental latrine fly (Chrysomya megacephala) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is distributed worldwide and known for producing myiasis in humans and other animals and transmitting pathogens mechanically. The objective of this study is to compare the development performance of this fly on various diets. Larvae of the Oriental latrine fly were reared on two kinds of artificial diets and one natural food. One of the artificial diets is called the milky artificial diets, and the ingredients include whole dried milk, yeast powder, and agar. The other artificial diet is called the fish meal diet, and composed of fish meal powder, yeast powder, and agar. The natural food: flesh pork liver. The results indicated that no significant difference was observed in weight of pupa between two artificial diets and flesh pork liver. Fly reared on artificial diets had better pupating rate and emergence rate than those reared on flesh pork liver. The milky artificial diet seems to be a suitable diet for use in laboratory experiment.

中文摘要 -----------------------------------------------------------1
英文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------2
壹、 前言 ----------------------------------------------------------3
貳、 前人研究 ----------------------------------------------------------5
参、 材料與方法 ----------------------------------------------------------11
肆、 結果 --------------------------------------------------------14
伍、 討論 --------------------------------------------------------16
陸、 結論 --------------------------------------------------------19
柒、 參考文獻 --------------------------------------------------------20
捌、 圖表 --------------------------------------------------------26

王曉東、靳慶生。1991。大頭金蠅幼蟲免疫系統對大腸桿菌誘導的應答研究。昆蟲知識28 (1)：40-42。

王江峰、胡萃、陳玉川、閺建雄、李俊濤。2002。大頭金蠅Chrysomya megacephala幼蟲發育型態學及其在死亡時間推斷中之應用探討。寄生蟲學與醫學昆蟲學報01：33-38。

田潔、張孟余、何斌、李澤民、王伯霞。2004。鹽酸嗎啡對大頭金蠅生長發育的影響及其對死者死亡時間推斷的意義。昆蟲學報06：715-718。

洪士程。1997。大頭金蠅之大量飼養、保存及釋放技術研究。提升果樹產業競爭力研討會專輯Ⅰ：177-188。

洪資兆。1995。大頭金蠅的生命表與大量飼養。國立台灣大學植物病蟲害學研究所碩士論文。77頁。

安春菊、石明、郝友進、盛長忠、耿華、李德森、杜榮騫。2003。家蠅幼蟲抗菌相關蛋白/多肽的誘導及抗菌活性分析。昆蟲學報 46 (5)：545-548。

安春菊、李德森、杜榮騫。2004。家蠅幼蟲中與抗菌功能相關的蛋白和多肽的分析。衛生研究 33 (1)：86-88。

吳文哲、林滋梅。1994。檬果授粉昆蟲調查與飼養試驗。台灣經濟果樹栽培技術及應用研討會專輯 Ⅰ：189-195。

陳文雄、陳昇寬。1997。大頭金蠅 (Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius)) 之大量飼育技術。提升果樹產業競爭力研討會專輯。13-20。

陳俊憲、陳俊宏、石正人。2003。利用豬屍進行食屍性昆蟲相調查。台灣昆蟲23：71-81。

Ando, K., M. Okada and S. Natori. 1986. Purification of Sarcotoxin Ⅱ, antibacterial proteins of Sarcophaga peregrine (Flesh fly) larvae. Biochemistry 26: 226-230.

Baumgartner, D. L. and B. Greenberg. 1984. The genus Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the new world. J. Med. Entomol. 21:105-113.

De Andrade, J. B., F. A. Rocha, P. Rodrigues, G. S. Rosa, L. D. B. Faria, C. J. V. Zuben, M. N. Rossi and W. A. C. Godoy. 2002. Larvae dispersal and predation in experimental populations of Chrysomya albiceps and Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Mem. Inst. Osswaldo. Cruz. Rio de Janeiro. 97(8): 1137-1140.

Erzinclioglu, Y. Z. 1990. The larvae of two closely-related blowfly species of the genus Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Entomol. Fenn. 1: 151-153.

Esser, J. R. 1991. Biology of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and reduction of losses caused to the salted-dried fish industry in south-east Asia. Bull. Ent. Res. 81: 33-41.

Gabre, R. M., K. A. Adham and H. Chi. 2005. Life table of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Acta. Oecologica 27: 179-183.

Gomes, L., M. R. Sanches and C. J. V. Zuben. 2005. Dispersal and burial behavior in larvae of Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera, Calliphoridae). J. Inst. Behavi. 18(2): 281-292.

Gomes, L., W. A. C. Godoy and C. J. V. Zuben. 2006. A review of postfeeding larval dispersal in blowflies: implication for forensic entomology. Naturwissenschaften 93: 207-215.

Greenberg, B.1991. Flies as forensic indicators. J. Med. Ent. 28: 553-577.

Grassberger, M., E. Friedrich and C. Reiter. 2003. The blowfly Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as a new forensic indicator in Central Europe. Int. J. Legal. Med. 117: 75-81.

Hijikata, M., A. Kobayashi, J. Y. Leem, H. Fukasawa, Y. Uehara and S. Natori. 1997. Inhibition of protein tyrosin kinase by 5-S-GAD, a novel antibacterial substance from an insect. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 18; 237(2): 423-426.

Hu, C. and J. X. Min. 2000. Forensic entomology [M]. Chongqing: Chongqing Press. (in Chinese)

Kerridge, A., H. Lappin-Scott and J. R. Stevens. 2005. Antibacterial properties of larval secretions of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata. Med. Vet. Ento. 19(3): 333-337.

Leem, J. Y., C. Nishimura, S. Kurata, I. Shimada, A. Kobayashi and S. Natori. 1996. Purification and Characterization of N-β-Alanyl-5-S-glutathionyl-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalnine, a novel antibacterial substance of Sarcophaga peregrine (Flesh fly). Amer. Soc. Bio. Mol. Bio. 271(23): 13573-13577.

Lerch, K., H. J. Linde, N. Lehn and J. Grifka. 2003. Bacteria ingestion by blowfly larvae: an in vitro study. Cli. Lab. Invest. 207:362-366.

Mendon, P. M. and J. M. d’Almeida. 2004. Post-embryonic development of Chrysomya megacephala (Wiedemmann, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in milky artificial diets. Ent. Vect. 11(1): 59-67.

Okada, M. and S. Natori. 1983. Purification and characterization of an antibacterial protein from haemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh-fly) larvae. Biochem. J. 211: 727-734.

Olsen, A. R., T. H. Sidebottom and S. G. Bennett. 1993. The Ortental latrine fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), as an invading blowfly of public health importance. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 18: 133-146.

Prete, P. E. 1997. Growth effects of Phaenicia Sericata larval extracts on fibroblasts: mechanism for wound healing by maggot therapy. Life science 60(8): 505-510.

Reigada, C. and W. A. C. Godoy. 2005. Dispersal and predation behavior in larvae of Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae). J. Inst. Behavi. 18(4): 543-555.

Rosa, G. S., L. R. De Carvalho, S. F. Dos Reis and W. A. C. Godoy. 2006. The dynamics of intraguila predation in Chrysomya albiceps wied. (Diptera: Calliphoridae): interactions between instars and species under different abundances of food. Neo. Ent. 35(6): 775-780.

Sherman, R. A. and E. A. Pechter. 1988. Maggot therapy: a review of the therapeutic applications of fly larvae in human medicine, especially for treating osteomyelitis. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2: 225-230

Sukontason, K. L., P. Narongchai, D. Sripakdee, N. Boonchu, T. Chaiwong, R. Ngern-Klun, S. Piangjai and K. Sukonatason. 2005. Fiest report of human myiasis casued by Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Thailand, and its implication in forsenic entomology. J. Med. Ent. 42(4): 702-704.

Terras, M. A. and H. A. Rose. 1985. An artificial diet for Lucilia cuprina (Weidemann) and the effects of two diets on aldrin epoxidase activity. J. Aust. Ent. Soc. 24: 121-123.

Tomberlin, J. K., W. K. R. Reeves and D. G. Sheppard. 2001. First record of Chysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Georiga, U.S.Ａ. Florida entomologist 84(2): 300-301.


Wijuesundara, D. P. 1957. On the longevity of the adults of Chrysomya megacephala (Fab.) under controlled humidity. Ceylon J. Sci. (B) 25: 187.