臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

公路車禍發生原因多為煞車不及，或因輪胎鎖死，造成滑動摩擦，使得輪胎與鋪面間無法產生良好的煞車力，而鋪面抗滑能力(摩擦係數)的程度為影響之關鍵。本研究將改變不同摩擦係數以及排列寬度比例，以兩種煞車方式測試在輪胎煞車過程中，煞車距離及煞車效益的影響。研究利用有限元素軟體ABAQUS進行模擬，測試不同車速下探究煞車距離。研究結果發現，ABS煞車能夠減少10~15%之煞車距離，隨車速增加而其煞車距離縮短比例會逐漸提升，另外以高摩擦係數在一般鋪面上交錯排列，可以減短煞車距離，主要根據其兩不同路面摩擦係數之平均值而定。最後交錯排列比例及煞車過程碰觸方式會些微影響煞車距離。整體來說，鋪面摩擦係數對煞車影響甚大。

The car accidents were due to the tire locked on braking or the insufficient friction of the pavement. It is necessary to realize the effect of the friction coefficient of pavement by design different friction coefficient on pavement and using different type of braking system. Also the different speeds will be tested. This study will set a model in ABAQUS and simulate the braking distance in different situations. By the result, the ABS can reduce about 10~15% braking distance. On the other hand, using the friction coefficient of 1.0 and 1.5 paved one by one with strip can reduce braking distance. Due to the average of the coefficient of 1.0 and 1.5 is higher than origin one. Finally, the braking distance will slightly affected by the width of the strip, the way to arrangement and the coefficient of the contact point when the brakes started operation. Overall, the effect of the friction
coefficient is significant.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 文獻回顧 3
1.4 研究流程 5
1.5 論文架構 7
第二章 道路摩擦與煞車基本理論 8
2.1 道路摩擦 8
2.2 滾動阻力及阻力係數 12
2.3 煞車力與煞車距離 14
2.4 ABS基本理論 16
2.5 減速度及煞車效益 19
第三章 車輪-鋪面模型 21
3.1 ABAQUS軟體簡介 21
3.2 車輪-鋪面模型 23
3.2.1 模型參數 23
3.2.2 模型設定 27
3.3 模擬方法 30
第四章 模擬驗證及結果分析 33
4.1 模擬ABS系統 33
4.2 設計鋪面模擬結果 39
4.2.1 交錯摩擦係數對煞車距離之影響 39
4.2.2 不同交錯排列法對煞車過程之影響 43
第五章 結論 49
參考文獻 50

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