臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
近年來由於科技的進步與生活品質的提昇，工業界與家庭使用的非線性設備激增，如整流器、轉換器、變頻器、截波器、等非線性負載，使得原本應為正弦波的電壓和電流發生畸變而含有大量諧波，近而使得電路中的諧波含量越來越高而衍生許多嚴重問題並流入系統中造成品質不良而影響其他用戶。在正常情況下，保護設備之間或許可以協調，但當系統饋線有諧波污染源時，原先的保護設備可能無法提供系統完善的保護，因此對於諧波對保護設備的分析納入考慮有其必要性。
本文針對諧波對差動電驛影響加以分析探討，首先對比流器的操作頻率加以探討，利用EMTP所建構的數學模式和模型分析並建立實測環境，再加以分析比較。
而在變壓器差動保護需考慮的因素特別多，在規劃及運用上很容易發生錯誤，本文只針對諧波對差動電驛的影響現象做分析，忽略了變壓器的激磁湧流和CT的飽和現象，施予不同工作頻率、不同諧波之作用下，差動電驛始動時間變化情況。
雖然目前市面上具有諧波考量設計的差動電驛很多，但是皆是根據二次諧波在一般情況下，不低於基本波的15﹪，而含直流成份的故障電流其二次諧波最高僅在７﹪以內，利用此一差異的特性來區分激磁湧流與故障電流。諧波抑制設計的差動電驛，即為依據此原理設計，並無針對諧波污染源進入差動保護設備做設計，所以本文對此現象分析，希望提供往後研究者和保護工程師有用的參考。

The use of nonlinear devices such as rectifiers ,converters, power supplies and other devices utilizing solid state switching has increased in industry during recent years. The power quality has been deteriorated by these equipments. This deterioration causes the increasing of power loss, resonance problem, insulation deterioration ,and even safety problem of system apparatus.
This thesis aims at analyzing and probing into the influences of harmonics to differential relay. First it probes the operation of CT in frequency domain. Then, it analyzes and compares the mathematic model, which is constructed by using EMTP, and the real test results.
There are many factors to be considered in transformer differential protection designing and exercising. This thesis only analyzes the influential phenomenons of harmonics to differential relay.
The results of this research can provide the valuable references and assist in applying and designing differential relay.

目 錄
第一章緒論1
1.1諧波污染1
1.2何謂諧波1
1.3諧波來源3
1.4諧波效應4
1.5諧波的管制標準5
1.5.1國內現行諧波標準5
1.5.2 美國的標準8
1.6研究動機與內容概述8
第二章差動電驛簡介9
2.1差動電驛的功能9
2.2 影響差動保護的因素10
2.2.1與激磁湧流有關的因素12
2.3 感應圓盤式差動電驛12
2.4差動電驛的應用16
第三章影響比流器動作的因素17
3.1前言17
3.2比流器等效電路17
3.3.比流器飽和與二次側負載之關係19
3.4比流器之暫態測試方法21
第四章EMTP比流器模組之建立23
4.1前言23
4.2 EMTP磁滯迴路數學模組之原理23
4.3比流器模組之建立27
4.4比流器暫態動作現象之模擬30
4.5改善CT效率與避免CT飽和的方法36
第五章線路實測試驗40
5-1主要設備及實測接線40
5-1-1 實測的主要設備40
5-1-2差動電驛特性41
5-1-3 實測接線線路42
5-2實測及記錄42
5-3實測結果與討論45
5-3-1實測結果45
5-3-2討論72
第六章結論與展望74
參考文獻 77

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