臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

多元調諧質量阻尼器(Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers, MTMD)係由兩組以上不同頻率的調諧質量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Dampers, TMD)所組成，可有效改善單顆TMD離頻效應(Detuning effect)的問題。MTMD系統主要零件為質塊、彈簧與阻尼機構，利用調頻共振之原理，可將結構物所承受之部份振動能量轉移至MTMD，並由其阻尼耗散消除，藉此降低主結構動態反應。由於國內TMD/MTMD之設計、製造與安裝規劃皆是仰賴外國公司及技術，因此本研究於2012年開始與中國鋼鐵結構股份有限公司進行合作，發展具長週期、長衝程特性之MTMD系統，以因應日益增加之高層建築減振需求。本研究首先利用曲面公式，設計並製造具長週期特性之主結構系統，接著利用所識別之主結構動態參數，進行MTMD系統最佳化設計與現場的頻率調整，最後再將MTMD系統安裝於主結構上進行減振試驗，試驗結果顯示本研究所設計之MTMD系統，可有效降低長週期結構之振動，理論與試驗結果亦十分吻合，證明本文分析方法的正確性。

A multiple TMD (MTMD) consists of multiple units of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) arranged in parallel to deal with one single structural mode. By attaching MTMD to a structure, vibration energy of the structure can be transferred to the MTMD and dissipated via the damping mechanism. Compared with the single TMD, the MTMD performs better and is able to avoid detuning effect. However, it is generally understood that the existing TMDs in the high-rise buildings in Taiwan, their design and manufacture all relied on foreign consultants and techniques. Hence, there is cooperation between China Steel Structure Co., Ltd and this research from 2012. We develop MTMD system that has the characteristic of long period and stroke to supply more demands of vibration damping of high building. We used the formula of curved surface first in this research to design and produce a long period main structure system. Then we proceed with the MTMD design of optimization by parameter identified the movement of main structure and we adjust the frequency on site. At last, we install the MTMD system on main structure to proceed with the experiment. The result of experiment shows that the design of MTMD system in this research could efficiently reduce the vibration of long-period structure. The result of experiment and the theory perfectly match and prove the accuracy of the way we analyze in this article.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.3 本文內容 5
第二章 多自由度結構裝設MTMD理論推導 7
2.1 結構MTMD系統動態平衡方程式 7
2.2 結構反應轉換函數 11
2.3 結構均方反應與均方反應比 14
2.4 MTMD最佳化設計參數 15
第三章 縮尺MTMD系統機構設計 18
3.1 縮尺MTMD參數設計 18
3.2 縮尺MTMD元件設計 19
3.2.1 質量元件設計 19
3.2.2 勁度元件設計 19
3.2.3 阻尼元件設計 20
3.2.4 線性滑軌設計 21
3.2.5 安全防護裝置設計 22
第四章 長週期縮尺主結構設計 24
4.1 曲面導軌結構參數設計 24
4.2 曲面設計與曲面公式推導 26
4.3 縮尺主結構製造 28
第五章 主結構與MTMD機構系統參數識別 30
5.1 試驗環境介紹 30
5.1.1 感應器安裝 30
5.1.2 試驗外力 31
5.2 試驗程序 32
5.3 縮尺主結構系統參數識別與動態反應擬合 37
5.3.1 簡諧波實驗結果與數值模擬之擬合 37
5.3.2 地震力實驗結果與數值模擬之擬合 37
5.4 MTMD系統參數識別與動態反應擬合 38
5.4.1 簡諧波實驗結果與數值模擬之擬合 41
5.4.2 地震力實驗結果與數值模擬之擬合 43
第六章 MTMD減振振動台試驗 45
6.1 實驗參數應用於主結構之減振模擬 45
6.2 主結構裝設MTMD參數識別與動態反應擬合 46
6.2.1 簡諧波實驗結果與數值模擬之擬合 46
6.2.2 地震力實驗結果與數值模擬之擬合 48
6.3 MTMD減振效益分析 51
6.3.1 簡諧波減振效益分析 51
6.3.2 地震力減振效益 51
6.3.3 TMD鎖停後主結構減振效益 52
第七章 長週期結構減振案例分析與設計 54
7.1 長週期結構案例說明 54
7.2 MTMD最佳設計參數與機構設計 54
7.3 長週期結構裝設MTMD之數值模擬分析 56
第八章 結論與建議 58
8.1 結論 58
8.2 建議 59
參考文獻 60

Asami, T., Wakasono, T., Kameoka, K., Hasegawa, M. and Sekiguchi, H. (1991). “Optimum design of dynamics absorbers for a system subjected to random excitation” JSME International Journal, Series III, Vol. 34, pp. 218-226.
Abe, M., and Fujino, Y. (1994). “Dynamic characteriszation of multiple tuned mass dampers and some design formulas”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 23, pp. 813-835.
Abe, M., and Igusa, T. (1995). “Tuned mass dampers for structures with closely spaced natural frequencies”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 24, pp. 247-261.
Chopra, A.k., Dynamics of structures: Theory and application to Earthquake Engineering, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, U.S.A., 2001.
Den Hartog, J. P. (1956). Mechanical Vibrations, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Fhram,H. (1911).“Device for Damping Vibration of Bodies”, U.S. Patent No. 989-958.
Fujino, Y. and Abe, M. (1993). “Design formulas for tuned mass dampers based on a perterbation technique”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 22, pp.833-854.
Iwanami, K., and Seto, K. (1984). “Optimum design of dual mass dampers and their effectiveness”, Proceedings of the JSME(C); Vol. 50, pp.44-52 (in Japanese).
Igusa, T., and Xu, K. (1990). “Wide-band response characteristics of multiple subsystem with high modal density”, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Stochastic Structural Dynamics, FL, U.S.A.
Igusa, T., and Xu, K. (1991). “Vibration reduction characteristics of distributed tuned mass dampers”, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Recent Advances in Structural Dynamics, Southampton, U.K.
Igusa, T., and Xu, K. (1994). “Vibration control using multiple tuned mass dampers”, Journal of Sound Vibration, Vol. 175, pp. 491-503.
Jangid, R. S. (1995). “Dynamic characteristics of structures with multiple tuned mass dampers”, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Vol. 3, pp. 497-509.
Jangid, R. S. (1999). “Optimum multiple tuned mass dampers for base-excited undamped system”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 28, pp. 1041-1049.
Kwon, H. C., Kim, M. C. and Lee, I. W. (1998). “Vibration Control of Bridges under Moving Loads”, Computers & Structures, Vol. 66, pp. 473-480.
Kareem, A. and Kline, S. (1995). “Performance of multiple tuned mass dampers under random loading”, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 121, pp.348-361.
Luft, R. W. (1979). “Optimal Tuned Mass Dampers for Buildings”, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, pp.2766-2772.
Lin, C. C., Hu, C. M., Wang, J. F., and Hu, R. Y. (1994). “Vibration Control Effectiveness of Passive Tuned Mass Dampers”, Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Vol. 17, pp.367-376.
Lin, C. C., Wang, J. F., and Ueng J. M. (2001). “Vibration Control Identification of Seismically-Excited MDOF Structure-PTMD Systems”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 240, pp. 87-115.
Lin, C. C., Ueng, J. M., and Huang, T. C. (2000). “Seismic Response Reduction of Irregular Buildings Using Passive Tuned Mass Dampers”, International Journal of Engineering Structures, Vol. 22, pp. 513-524.
Lin, C. C., Hong, L. L., Ueng, J. M., Wu, K. C., and Wang, C.E. (2005), “Parametric Identification of Asymmetric Buildings From Earthquake Response Records”, Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 14, No. 4 , pp. 850-861.
Li, C. (2000). “Performance of multiple tuned mass dampers for attenuating undesirable oscillations of structures under the ground acceleration”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 29, 1405-1421.
Lin, C. C., Wang, J. F., and Chen, B. L (2005). “Train-Induced Vibration Control of High-Speed Railway Bridges Equipped with Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers”, Journal of Bridge Engineering. Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 398-414
Lin, C. C. Wang, J. F. Lien, C. H. Chiang, H. W. and Lin, C. S. “Optimum Design and Experimental Study of Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers with Limited Stroke”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 39, No. 14, pp. 1631-1651, 2010.
Lin, C. C., Wang, J. F (2012), “Optimal Design and Practical Considerations of Tuned Mass Dampers for Structural Control”, Chapter 6 of book on Design optimization of Active and Passive Structural Systems, Edited by Nikos D. Lagaros, V. Plevris, and Chara C. Mitropoulou, IGI Global Publisher.
Lu, L. Y., L. L. Chung, L. Y. Wu, G. L. Lin (2006) “Dynamic analysis of structures with friction devices using discrete-time state-space formulation” Computers and structures, Vol.84, No. 15-16, 1049-1071.
McNamara, R. J. (1977). “Tuned Mass Dampers for Buildings”, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, pp. 1785-1798.
Rainer, J. H., and Swallow, J. C. (1986). “Dynamic Behavior of a Gymnasium Floor”, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 13, pp. 270-277.
Setareh, M., and Hanson, R. D. (1992). “Tuned Mass Dampers for Balcony Vibration Control”, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 118, pp. 723-740.
Thornton, C. H., Cuoco, D. A., and Velivasakis, E. E. (1990). “Taming Structural Vibrations”, Civil Engineering, Vol. 60, pp. 57-59.
Ueng, J. M., Lin, C. C., and Huang, T.C. (1997). “Passive TMDs for Seismic Response Reduction of Multi-story Torsionally-Coupled Buildings”, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT-14), Lyon, France, August 17-22.
Ueng, J. M., Lin, C. C., Huang, T. C., and Chen, B.R. (1998). “Practical Considerations in TMD Design for Vibration Control of Buildings”, Proceedings of the Sixth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction (EASEC-6), Vol. 2, pp. 1461-1468. Taipei, ROC, January 14-16.
Ueng, J. M., Lin, C. C., and Wang, J. F. (2005), “Practical Design Issues of Tuned Mass Dampers for Torsionally-Coupled Buildings under Earthquake Loadings”, Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings.(in press)
Wiesner, K. B. (1979). “Tuned Mass Dampers to Reduce Building Wind Motion”, ASCE, Convention and Exposition, Boston, Mass., April 2-6.
Wang, J. F., Lin, C. C., and Chen, B. L. (2003). “Vibration Suppression for High Speed Railway Bridges Using Tuned Mass Dampers”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol.40, pp. 465-491.
Warburton, G. B. (1982). “Optimal absorber parameters for various combinations of response and excitation parameters”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 10, pp.381-401.
Wang, J. F., Lin, C. C. (2005), “Seismic Performance of Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers for Soil-Irregular Building Interaction System”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 42, No. 20, pp. 5536-5554.
Xu, Y. L., and Kwok, K. C. S. (1994). “Semianalytical method for parameteric study of tuned mass dampers”, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 120, pp.747-764.
Xu, K., and Igusa, T. (1992). “Dynamic characteristics of multiple substructures with closely spaced frequencies”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 21, 1059-1070.
Yamaguchi, H. and Harnpornchai, N. (1993). “Fundamental characteristics of multiple tuned mass dampers for suppressing harmonically forced oscillations”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 22, pp. 51-62.
內政部頒布，「建築物耐震設計規範」，營建雜誌社編印，中華民國九十五年
內政部頒布，「鋼構造建築物鋼結構設計技術規範」，營建雜誌社編印，中華民國九十六年
王哲夫, 林其璋, 陳博亮, (1998), “高鐵橋梁裝設調諧質量阻尼器之減振分析”, 第四屆結構工程研討會, Vol. 2, pp. 1203-1210, 臺北, 9月9-11日.
王哲夫, 林其璋, 陳博亮, (2000). “考慮扭轉效應橋梁受高速列車荷重之減振分析”, 第五屆結構工程研討會, Vol. 1, pp. 301-308, 南投溪頭, 8月28-30日.
行政院環境保護署頒布，「噪音管制標準」，中華民國九十七年
林其璋, 王哲夫, (2001). “多元調諧質量阻尼器於高速鐵路橋梁之減振效用”, 南部科學園區振動防治策略研討會, pp. 109-120, 台南, 11月27日.
鍾立來,呉賴雲,林昭葳,黃國倫,曾建創,連冠華,(2005)“結構加裝圓棒型加勁阻尼器之動力分析及試驗驗證”,國家地震中心研究報告,報告編號：NCREE-05-024.
楊正文, ”多元調諧質量阻尼器之設計參數比較分析”, 國立中興大學土木工程研究所碩士論文, 2006.
練健勳, ”考慮衝程限制之多元調諧質量阻尼器參數設計與減振效用”, 國立中興大學土木工程研究所碩士論文, 2007.
江宏偉, ”考慮衝程限制之多元調諧質量阻尼器振動台試驗”, 國立中興大學土木工程研究所碩士論文, 2008.
楊庭維, ”半主動摩擦多元調諧質量阻尼器於結構減振之應用”, 國立中興大學土木工程研究所碩士論文, 2009.
何玉泊, ” 半主動摩擦調諧質量阻尼器之振動台試驗與減振分析”, 國立中興大學土木工程研究所碩士論文, 2010.
龍豪佑, ” 多元調諧質量阻尼器之機構設計製造與振動台試驗”, 國立中興大學土木工程研究所碩士論文, 2013.
邱國誠, ” 多元調諧質量阻尼器之離頻效應敏感度分析與對策”, 國立中興大學土木工程研究所碩士論文, 2013.