臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

於金屬成形時最常出現的兩個問題是破裂與起皺兩大問題，而一般之夾模力多採固定式，當夾模力過大時則易產生破裂；過小則易於凸緣產生皺摺，無法對夾模力做即時的調整，如我們欲延緩或避免以上問題夾模力應以可變式夾模力為佳。
故本文採用三種智慧型的夾模力控制，分別為固定式變化夾模力與倍率式變化夾模力與脈波式夾模力控制，以LS-DYNA進行夾模力控制之模擬，藉此觀察不同起始夾模力對杯壁厚度均勻度及起皺高度的影響。由模擬的結果可以得知，當採用撕裂─起皺控制準則，能有效的抑制起皺與撕裂，而當採用脈波式夾模力時，則需依產品做最佳的脈波數之控制給予適當之振幅，以使成品有最佳之成形效果。

The two most common defects encountered in sheet metal forming are the tearing and wrinkling of workpiece. An excessively high force imposed by the blank holder will induce tearing on the side-wall while an insufficient holding force will cause wrinkling in the flange area. A holding force that varies with the punch stroke is therefore to suggested to effectively delay or prevent the product from failures, by predicting the onset of tearing or wrinkling and adjusting the holding force based an adequate algorithm.
In this thesis, three modes of holding force control are proposed: mode of force-difference, mode of force-ratio, and the mode of pulsating-force. All the control modes are integrated with the explicit non-linear finite element code, LS-DYNA, in the simulation of the deep drawing of square cups. The numerical results regarding the evaluation of product quality, such as the uniformity of wall thickness and the height of wrinkling in the flange are observed. It is found that both the modes of force-difference and force-ratio can successfully suppress the occurrence of tearing and wrinkling. However, though being a much simpler controlling method, the pulsating-force mode shows different optimum frequency and amplitude of the force pulsation, according to the objective of force control, say, the uniformity of thickness, the formability of cup height, or the minimum spring —back of cup wall.

中文摘要---------------------------------------------i
英文摘要---------------------------------------------ii
誌謝---------------------------------------------iii
目錄---------------------------------------------iv
表目錄---------------------------------------------v
圖目錄---------------------------------------------vi
符號說明---------------------------------------------vii
一、緒論----------------------------------------- 1
1.1研究動機-------------------------------------1
1.2文獻回顧--------------------------------------4
1.3研究內容--------------------------------------5
二、基本理論介紹----------------------------------6
2.1板金成形加工時之受力分析----------------------6
2.1.1引伸成形--------------------------------------7
2.1.2張伸成形--------------------------------------9
2.2軟體相關理論簡介------------------------------10
2.2.1運動方程式------------------------------------10
2.2.2運動方程式求解--------------------------------14
2.2.3材料之統制方程式------------------------------15
2.2.4接觸問題--------------------------------------17
2.2.5摩擦問題--------------------------------------18
2.3材料性質相關理論------------------------------19
2.3.1應變硬化指數----------------------------------19
2.3.2塑性應變比（異向性）--------------------------20
2.2.3成形極限圖介紹--------------------------------21
三、有限元素分析----------------------------------28
3.1有限元素軟體簡介------------------------------28
3.1.1FEMB 前處理器---------------------------------28
3.1.2LS-DYNA 處理器--------------------------------28
3.1.3LS-POST 後處理器------------------------------29
3.2數值模擬規劃----------------------------------29
3.3模型建構--------------------------------------29
四、實驗結果討論----------------------------------39
4.1固定夾模力控制--------------------------------39
4.2撕裂-起皺控制準則之夾模力控制-----------------40
4.3各單位衝程脈波數與振幅之夾模力對於成形撕裂的影響42
4.4各單位衝程脈波數與振幅之夾模力對於起皺之影響--43
4.5各種夾模力控制對側壁翹曲的影響----------------43
五、結論與建議------------------------------------85
5.1結論------------------------------------------85
5.2議建------------------------------------------85
參考文獻----------------------------------------------86
附錄A----------------------------------------------91
附錄B----------------------------------------------95
附錄CFEMB視窗--------------------------------------97
附錄DLS-DYNA視窗-----------------------------------98
附錄ELS-POST視窗-----------------------------------99
自傳---------------------------------------------100

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