臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文旨在從事空氣清淨機用之高性能直流無刷馬達設計與無感測器變頻驅動器之研製。空氣清淨機用之馬達設計條件為節能(save energy)與靜音(low noise)，而直流無刷馬達雖可達到節能要求，但馬達結構所引發之頓轉轉矩則為振動與噪音之來源。本文是將用Ansoft RMXprt與Maxwell2D軟體作為馬達設計與動態性能分析平台，來設計高性能隻直流無刷馬達。
首先，根據空氣清淨機用之直流無刷馬達外觀尺寸、性能規範及限制條件，運用Ansoft RMXprt軟體進行馬達設計與靜態性能分析，設計出符合靜態性能規範之馬達結構。緊接著，運用Ansoft Maxwell2D及有限元素法(Finite Element Method,FEM)進行馬達動態性能分析，如磁通分布與磁通量，及降低馬達頓轉轉矩方法之探討，如轉子磁石厚度、氣隙寬度、轉子磁石展開角和定子開口槽等幾何參數，以選擇降低頓轉轉矩設計之策略。最後，應用多重品質性能指標(Multiple quality performance index, MPCI)田口法求解最佳組合之控制因子準位，以設計出具有低頓轉轉矩和高效率之馬達。同時，本文亦採用ML4425無感測器(Sensorless)驅動IC，研製驅動直流無刷 馬達之變頻器。
成果顯示，本文所使用Ansoft RMXprt與Maxwell2D軟體適合從事高性能馬達設計與動態性能分析工作。同時，在馬達效率與氣隙磁通密度等限制條件下，調整轉子與定子幾何結構參數可降低頓轉轉矩。而運用多重品質性能指標(MPCI)田口法進行馬達最佳化設計，確實能使馬達達到高效能和降低頓轉轉矩，減少馬達運轉時所發出的振動與噪音。而本文採用之ML4425無感測器驅動IC所研製之直流無刷馬達之變頻驅動器，初步顯示，其可使平穩地驅動直流無刷馬達。

This paper aims to design and development of a high-performance brushless DC motor (BLDCM) for applying to the air-cleaner machine. The motor operating conditions in an air-cleaner is for energy-saving and quiet. Although the brushless DC motor can achieve high-efficiency and energy-saving requirements, however, the motor may bring the vibration and noise. resulting the cogging torque, that caused by the structure of motor. The RMXprt and the Ansoft Maxwell2D softwares are used as the platform for high-efficiency motor design and performance analysis.
First of all, under the size and performance specifications of the air-cleaner’s motor, the Ansoft RMXprt software is used for obtaining better motor design with satisfying the performance requirements in steady-state operation conditions. Then, the Ansoft Maxwell2D software is used for analyzing the dynamic magnetic flux distribution in iron core to avoid the flux saturation and to reduce the core loss. In addition, many strategies for reducing cogging torque are also investigated, such as the adjustments of motor geometric parameters, to decide the suitable strategy. The geometric parameters include the permanent magnet thickness in rotor, air gap width, opening slot width, and slot tooth width at stator, etc. And, apply the fuzzy-Taguchi method with the multiple quality performance index (MPCI) for obtaining the optimal design of motor with both the lower cogging torque and high efficiency. Finally, a sensorless driver based on the ML4425 IC is implemented to drive the brushless DC motor for a highly efficient and low-vibration operation mode.
Results have shown that the Ansoft RMXprt and Maxwell2D softwares are suitable for high-performance motor design and dynamics performance analysis. In addition, the fuzzy-Taguchi method with the multiple quality performance index (MPCI) can obtain the suitable geometric parameters for both reducing the cogging torque and enhancing the operating efficiency. An inverter based on the sensorless ML4425 IC is also developed for a variable speed driver. The experiments have shown that the driver can drive the BLDCM smoothly in variable speed drive mode.

摘要……………………………………………………………………….I
Abstact…………………………………………………………………...II
誌謝……………………………………………………………………..IV
目錄……………………………………………………………………...V
圖目錄………………………………………………………………......IX
表目錄…………………………………………… …………………..XIII
符號索引(依出現順序)…………………..…………………………..XV
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………..1
1.1研究動機與目的………………………………………………….1
1.2文獻探討………………………………………………………….4
1.3研究方法………………………………………………………….5
1.4本文內容綱要……..……………………………………………..6
第二章 永磁無刷直流電機介紹………..……………..………………..8
2.1永磁式同步機(PMSM)基本原理………………………………..8
2.2永磁式同步機(PMSM)基本結構………………………………10
2.2.1定子線槽與繞組…………………………………………..10
2.2.2轉子磁石架構……………………………………………..12
2.2.3鐵心材料…………………………………………………..13
2.2.4損失………………………………………………………..15
2.2.5轉子磁石種類……………………………………………..15
2.3永磁式同步機(PMSM)基本結構設計…………………………16
2.3.1額定轉速 …………………………………………..17
2.3.2氣隙磁通密度……………………………………………..17
2.3.3定子結構尺寸設計………………………………………..18
2.3.4氣隙(air gap)寬度之決定..………………………………..19
2.3.5轉子結構尺寸之設計……………………………………..19
2.4永磁式同步電機(PMSM)設計軟體………...………………….19
第三章 有限元素法……………………………..……………………..21
3.1有限元素法簡介………………………………………………..21
3.2有限元素法應用………………………………………………..22
3.3有限元素法解析步驟….………………………………………..25
3.4有限元素法設計軟體….………………………………………..28
第四章 空氣清淨機之永磁同步馬達設計………………………..…..29
4.1永磁無刷馬達傳統設計流程.…………………………………..29
4.2永磁無刷馬達性能影響因素.…………………………………..30
4.3永磁無刷馬達規格………….…………………………………..31
第五章 以田口法應用於永磁同步馬達設計之最佳化……..………..44
5.1頓轉轉矩………………………………………………………..44
5.2表面型永磁無刷馬達頓轉轉矩推導…………………………..46
5.3降低頓轉轉矩方法(試誤法) 48
5.3.1改變轉子磁石厚度 48
5.3.2改變氣隙寬度 49
5.3.3改變轉子磁石展開角 50
5.3.4改變定子開口槽 50
5.4降低頓轉轉矩最佳化(單一品質目標田口法)..……………….52
5.4.1品質目標:低頓轉轉矩 52
5.4.2品質目標:高馬達效率 57
5.5多重品質衡量指標法(MPCI)求馬達設計最佳化……....…….61
5.5.1歸一轉換之田口法 61
5.5.2模糊田口法 63
5.6降低頓轉轉矩方法選擇探討……....……………………….….69
第六章 變頻驅動器之研製 74
6.1簡介 74
6.2無感測驅動原理 75
6.3工作原理 79
6.4啟動原理與設定(對正模式) 80
6.5斜升驅動原理與設計(斜升模式) 81
6.6速度閉迴路原理與設計(閉迴路模式) 82
6.7實驗結果 83
第七章 結論 88
參考文獻 90
作者簡歷 93

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