臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本論文主要是設計一個以英文歌詞為基礎的學習環境，當播放器播放英文歌曲時並同步的顯示歌詞，透過聽力及閱讀的學習，了解英文歌詞所對應的內容，歌詞藉由後端的處理，搭配歌詞中強調的即時文字訊息，加深學習者對於英語的認知，讓以英語當作第二語言學習者在欣賞歌曲的同時能學習歌詞中值得學習的語文單元。
　　系統的主要架構於Windows Mobile 6.0以上，配合MP3 Player播放歌曲，內容著重於自動化擷取歌詞中具有意義的語文單元作為學習目標。
　　在本系統的背後首先利用了維基百科作為系統資料庫的來源，利用出現頻率、相互資訊、不可取代性三種特徵值，將維基百科中有意義的語文單元擷取出來，在歌曲播放的同時除了同步的顯示歌詞外，將歌詞比對的方法透過Web Service的技術減少手機的負擔，同時亦利用了Google Translate將擷取出來的語文單元做英翻中的轉換，並即時的顯示在播放程式介面上。
　　系統的主要目的在於提供一個行動學習的方式，透過欣賞歌曲的同時，不僅可以同步的觀看歌詞，亦可獲得隱藏在歌詞中值得被學習的語文單元，藉由預覽以及同步顯示的方式，提供使用者學習。

The purpose of this proposal is to design a mobile learning environment based on English lyrics. When a digital audio file (MP3) plays with music player, learners can listen or read the synchronous lyrics. Moreover, to deepen learners’ cognition in English, we provide the linguistic terms from lyrics which are processed via web-service. Additionally, the linguistic terms will be translated by Google Translate. As a result, the system can help English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners to learn linguistic terms within lyrics when enjoying music.
The system we perform is building on Windows Mobile 6.0 and above. We get three features (mutual information, unsubstitutability and frequency) from corpus that is based on Wikipedia articles. This research focuses on retrieving meaningful linguistic terms and highlights within the lyrics automatically. The system is able to help students to take good advantage of mobility and portability to learn English.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 2
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究內容 6
1.4 論文內容與大綱 8
第二章 背景知識與相關研究 9
2.1 MOBILE LEARNING 10
第三章 系統架構與設計 13
3.1 大型標準語料庫解析 15
3.1.1 大型標準語料庫來源 17
3.1.2 語料庫解析 20
3.1.3 相互資訊(Mutual Information)相似度計算 22
3.1.4 N-gram的不可取代性(Unsubstitutability) 27
3.1.5 擷取資料庫中有用的語文單元(Linguistic terms) 32
3.2 手機播放系統實作 35
3.2.1 動態歌詞內容、來源 36
3.2.2 播放系統設計 39
第四章 實作與討論 43
4.1 系統實作結果 44
4.2 實驗數據結果 47
第五章 結論與未來研究 49
5.1 結論 49
5.2 未來研究方向 50
參考文獻 51
附錄－英文論文 55

圖目錄
圖3.1-1：語料庫解析步驟 15
圖3.1.1-1：維基百科中標題為MOBILE PHONE的文章 19
圖3.1.3-1：TRIGRAM_MI 26
圖3.1.3-2：QUADRIGRAM_MI 26
圖3.1.4-1：TRIGRAM_CP1 & CP2 31
圖3.1.4-2：QUADRIGRAM_CP1 & CP2 31
圖3.1.5-1：ULTRAEDIT軟體開啟字典檔案(I.LIB)的片段 32
圖3.1.5-2：STOP_WORD LIST 部份內容 33
圖3.1.5-3：訓練資料樹狀圖 34
圖3.2-1：手機播放流程圖 35
圖3.2.1-1：歌曲21 GUNS歌詞內容 36
圖3.2.1-2：千千在線音樂網站搜尋頁面 38
圖3.2.2-1：MUSIC PLAYLIST 39
圖3.2.2-2：歌曲的靜態歌詞預覽 40
圖3.2.2-3：歌曲的動態歌詞 41
圖3.2.2-4：PARSE RESULT PREVIEW 42
圖4.1-1：同步播放系統說明圖 44
圖4.1-2：PARSE RESULT 46

表目錄
表3.1.2-1：N-GRAM切字表 20
表3.1.2-2：N-GRAM資料量 21
表4.2-1：測試歌曲擷取出的語文單元數量 47
表4.2-2：部分測試歌曲擷取出的語文單元 48

[1].Huang, J. (2004).” Voices from Chinese student:Professors'' use of English affects academic listening”. College Student Journal, 212-224.
[2].Article of youtube http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/YouTube
[3].Lawrence J. Najjar (1996) “Multimedia information and learning,“Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 5 (2), 129-150.
[4].Hazenberg, S., &; Hulstijn, J.H. (1996.) ”Defining a minimal receptive second-language vocabulary for non-native university students: An empirical investigation”. Applied Linguistics, 17, 145-163.
[5].Huckin, T., &; Coady, J. (1999)”Incidental vocabulary acquisition in a second language: A review”. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21, 181–193
[6].GrammarRom (1994) CD-ROM, Longman.
[7].Business Territory (1997) CD-ROM, IBM, Lingonet Ltd.
[8].Citizen of the World (1998), CD-ROM, Philips, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
[9].Nai-Lung TSAO, Chin-Hwa KUO, Anne Li-E LIU, David WIBLE, Yu-Tuan LU. (2009)” Error-Driven Incidental Language Learning:Learning Collocation from Movies”. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computers in Education [CDROM],p136-162
[10].Paul Brett, (1998) “Using Multimedia:A Descriptive Investigation of Incidental Language Learning,” Computer Assisted Language Learning, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp 179-200
[11].Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes (2006).”Mobile language learning now and in the future.” In: Svensson, Patrik ed. Fr°an vision till praktik: Spr°akutbildning och Informationsteknik (From vision to practice: language learning and IT).Sweden: Swedish Net University (N‥atuniversitetet), pp. 295–310.
[12].Yamaguchi, T. (2005, August 2-4). “Vocabulary learning with a mobile phone”. Program of the 10th Anniversary Conference of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, Edinburgh, UK. (p. 57)
[13].Traxler, J. (2005).”Defining Mobile Learning”. Proceedings IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning 2005, Malta, pp 261-266.
[14].McGreen, N., &; Arnedillo-Sánchez, I. (2005).”Mobile Phones: Creative Learning Tools”. In P. Isaias, C. Borg, P. Kommers &; P. Bonanno (Eds.), Mobile Learning 2005. Lisbon: IADIS Press, pp 213- 217.
[15].Meisenberger M., Nischelwitzer A., 2004. “The Mobile Learning Engine (MLE) – a mobile computer-aided, multimedia-based learning application”. Proc. Multimedia Applications in Education Conference, Graz, Austria
[16].Trifonova, A (2003) “Mobile Learning - Review of the Literature”. Technical Report DIT-03-009, Informatica e Telecomunicazioni, University of Trento.
[17].P. Thornton and C. Houser. (2004) “Using Mobile Phones in Education” in Proc. of the IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education, pp. 3-9.
[18].Chen, Y., Kao, T., and Sheu, J. (2003), “A mobile learning system for scaffolding bird watching learning”. J. Computer-Assisted Learning 19, p347–359.
[19].Yatani, K., Sugimoto, M., and Kusunoki, F. (2004), “Musex: A system for supporting children''s collaborative learning in a museum with PDAs”, In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technology in Education (WMTE), pp.109-113.
[20].Chang, C. C., Chen, I. J.*, &; Chen, W. (2010, April 12). “More than just audio guide--listening comprehension training of foreign language supported by mobile devices”. Proceeding of The Fourth Mobile and Ubiquitous Technologies Enhanced Learning Conference (UbiLearn 2010), 125-131.
[21].Article of wikipedia http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/維基百科
[22].WikiMedia download http://dumps.wikimedia.org/
[23].Church, K.W.and Hanks, P.(1990). “Word association norms,mutual information and lexicography”. Comprtational Linguistics, 16(1):22-29.
[24].Lyric Download. http://www.qianqian.com