臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對輕型電動車，設計一套高力矩密度之電動馬達。文中所開發的直驅式軸向磁通直流無刷馬達，具有外觀輕薄、低重量與高效率的特色，適合用於電動車輛。
初步設計以馬達的磁通傳遞類型、設置空間與規格進行類型選取，並配合繞線因數挑選最佳的齒極比。接著以電磁學理論建立馬達二維磁路模型，藉由多目標函數最佳化軟體進行最佳設計。再以有限元素分析修正模型與驗證，並加入斜槽設計以簡化製造流程與提升力矩密度。最後，經由有限元素軟體進行熱傳分析，確保馬達可在安全的溫度下運轉。

In this thesis, a high torque density electric motor is designed for light electric vehicles. This directly driven axial-flux DC motor features compactness, low weight, and high efficiency, and is suitable for electric vehicles.
First of all, the motor and winding types were selected by comparing their advantages and disadvantages, and then the winding factor was calculated to choose the optimal number of slots and poles. Second, a 2-D magnetic circuit model and the electromagnetic equations were established for an optimal motor design with multifunctional optimizer. The resulting design was verified and refined by finite element analysis (FEA). A skewed-slot design was investigated to enhance the torque density performance and simplify the manufacturing process. Finally, the thermal analysis of this motor was used to ensure it operates at a safe temperature.

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XX
符號說明 XXII
第 1 章 緒論 1
1.1 電動車輛發展背景 1
1.2 輕型電動車之開發與介紹 6
1.3 文獻回顧 8
1.4 研究動機、目的與方法 14
1.4.1 動機與目的 14
1.4.2 研究方法 15
1.5 論文章節架構 17
第 2 章 初步設計 19
2.1 設計流程 19
2.2 設計規格 20
2.3 馬達類型選擇 21
2.3.1 軸向磁通馬達 21
2.3.2 徑向磁通馬達 24
2.4 繞線方法選擇 26
2.5 齒數與極數的選擇 27
第 3 章 磁路模型建立與最佳設計 36
3.1 磁場與磁路[34] 36
3.1.1 磁路的基本概念 36
3.1.2 磁性材料 39
3.1.3 感應電壓、電感與磁通鏈 42
3.1.4 能量儲存、施力與力矩 45
3.2 繞線編排方式 51
3.3 馬達尺寸參數之定義 55
3.4 磁路模型的建立 58
3.4.1 簡化的馬達模型 58
3.4.2 氣隙分佈 59
3.4.3 磁動勢分佈 63
3.4.4 輔能與力矩 64
3.4.5 感應電動勢 66
3.4.6 銅損、鐵損與馬達效率 68
3.5 靈敏度分析 74
3.5.1 槽口寬度分數 75
3.5.2 氣隙長度 76
3.5.3 馬達內徑 77
3.5.4 磁鐵寬度分數 78
3.5.5 磁鐵軸向長度 79
3.5.6 單齒繞線匝數 80
3.5.7 單相電流方均根值 81
3.6 靈敏度索引表 82
3.6.1 輸出力矩的靈敏度 82
3.6.2 力矩漣波的靈敏度 83
3.6.3 力矩密度的靈敏度 84
3.6.4 效率的靈敏度 85
3.7 多目標函數之最佳化設計 86
3.7.1 最佳設計工具 86
3.7.2 Goal Programming 86
3.7.3 Compromise Programming 87
3.7.4 目標函數建立 87
3.7.5 最佳設計流程 88
第 4 章 直軸與交軸之參數與函數轉換 91
4.1 直軸與交軸座標轉換 91
4.2 直軸與交軸電感 92
4.3 弱磁性能分析 98
4.3.1 基本概念 98
4.3.2 工作曲線 106
第 5 章 有限元素法分析與模擬 120
5.1 模型建立與設定 121
5.1.1 建立模型 121
5.1.2 指定材料 121
5.1.3 激磁源設定 123
5.2 馬達性能分析 123
5.2.1 參數修正與最佳化 123
5.2.2 磁通密度分佈 127
5.2.3 力矩分佈 129
5.2.4 反電動勢波形 131
5.2.5 弱磁性能分析 133
5.2.6 斜槽改良設計 138
5.2.7 軸向力 146
5.3 齒型簡化與斜槽設計 148
5.3.1 齒型簡化 148
5.3.2 弱磁性能分析 156
5.4 熱傳分析 170
第 6 章 結論 173
6.1 結論 173
6.2 貢獻 175
6.3 未來發展與未完成工作 176
參考文獻資料 179
附錄A 183
附錄B 184

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