臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究參考並修改ASTM D5101-90的水力坡降比試驗，使用不同直徑之鋼珠模擬粗顆粒排水層，進行過濾試驗，以探討織物與顆粒接觸對過濾系統阻塞潛能的影響；並初步探討正向應力對織物與粗顆粒排水層開孔率之影響。
試驗採用4號篩與7mm、19mm及25.4mm之鋼珠直徑，支撐土壤重量。對二種熱熔不織布與二種針軋不織布，三種水力梯度進行坡降比試驗。試驗結果以系統滲流量、GR值及滲透係數討論。並對垂直載重對織物開孔率影響做初步探討。
試驗結果顯示， ASTM D5101-90試驗低估系統之阻塞潛能，所以織物應用於現場時，應考量織物與排水層之接觸情形；鋼珠接觸底層開孔率對試驗結果之滲流量、GR值與滲透係數等皆有顯著的影響。織物與鋼珠接觸底層開孔率隨著織物性質的不同而有所差異，因此地工織物應用於現場環境時，須考慮織物與粗顆粒排水層接觸之開孔率，才能更進一步了解現場之阻塞潛能；當土壤試體含有較多細粒量顆粒時，較薄的熱熔不織布容易在短時間內產生較大的GR值，即發生阻塞或遮蔽之現象，系統排水不易，因此不適合作為過濾排水材料；正向應力會改變織物與粗顆粒排水層的開孔率，所以在使用織物作為過濾材料，必須考慮正向應力對開孔率的影響，以掌握過濾系統之阻塞潛能評估。

This thesis aims to assess the influence of coarse grain drainage layer on clogging potential of a soil-geotextile filtration system. Apparatus modified from ASTM D5101-90 type is used to facilitate the filtration test.
The test uses No.4 sieve and 7mm, 19mm, 25.4mm diameters steel beads to support soil weight simulating the various sizes of drainage materials. Two heat-bonded and two needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles were used and the experiments were tested under three hydraulic heads. Data obtained from experiments were analyzed with flow rate Q, gradient ratio GR, and conductivity k. In addition, preliminary study for the influence of normal compression on the opening areas at the steel beads-geotextile interface is performed.
The experimental results reveal that: The filtration test using ASTM D5101-90 obviously underestimates the clogging potential of field drainage system. Contact area at the interface of the geotextile and drainage material plays an important role in the clogging behavior of the drainage system. When geotextile is used as a filter material the opening areas between beads and geotextiles must be taken into account in the clogging potential assessment. The opening area also varies with the characteristic of the geotextile. An increase in the normal compression results in the decrease of the opening areas at the interface of the beads and geotextile; however, the opening area shows an exponential decrease when the system subjected to relatively high normal compression.

目 錄
表目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
第一章 導論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2研究方法 2
1.3內容概要 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1地工織物簡介 4
2.2過濾原理 4
2.2.1過濾現象 5
2.2.2過濾機制 7
2.2.3影響濾層行為之因素 9
2.3過濾排水準則 10
2.3.1阻流與滲透準則 11
2.3.2抗阻塞準則 12
2.4前人相關研究 13
第三章 試驗設備與試驗方法 25
3.1水力坡降比試驗 25
3.1.1試驗簡介 25
3.1.2水力坡降比之計算 26
3.1.3滲流量變化指數之定義 27
3.1.4滲透係數k 28
3.2試驗設備 29
3.2.1試驗配置 29
3.2.2試驗儀器 30
3.3試驗材料 33
3.3.1地工織物 33
3.3.2土壤材料 33
3.4試驗步驟 35
3.4.1土樣試體準備 35
3.4.2試驗步驟 36
3.5垂直荷重與鋼珠接觸開孔率之關係 39
3.5.1試驗目的 39
3.5.2試驗儀器 40
3.5.3試驗材料 40
3.5.4石英砂試體準備 40
3.5.5分析方法 41
3.5.6試驗方法及步驟 41
第四章 試驗結果與討論 74
4.1鋼珠模擬粗顆粒排水層試驗結果 74
4.1.1織物一過濾試驗結果 74
4.1.2織物二過濾試驗結果 77
4.1.3織物三過濾試驗結果 79
4.1.4織物四過濾試驗結果 81
4.2不同正向應力對相同鋼珠直徑之接觸底層開孔率變化探討 83
4.3綜合試驗結果比較 84
4.3.1本研究與ASTM D5101-90試驗之比較 84
4.3.2級配開孔率對系統阻塞潛能之比較 84
4.3.3水力梯度對系統阻塞潛能之比較 85
第五章 結論與建議 136
5.1結論 136
5.2建議 137
參考文獻 138

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