臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全域光學同調斷層掃描術(Full-field Optical Coherence Tomography，FFOCT)為一種利用低同調干涉原理來產生三維樣品切面之逆散射影像。以傳統OCT用單點掃瞄的方式為例，若要得到一張En-face影像，則需要重組多張B-scan影像才有辦法獲得，因此為了要減少影像擷取時間，我們選擇採用了掃描一次就能獲得一張En-face影像的全域式OCT系統。
本論文提出一種於FFOCT系統上之新應用，即是將系統搭配已被提出的血管造影演算法，進行逆散射細胞之移動評估。於本實驗，我們是拿取容易取得之洋蔥細胞作為我們的待測樣品，而為了使細胞收縮或移動，將我們調配好的高張溶液滴入細胞中，並在OCT系統下觀察且利用CCD擷取連續影像，而後將擷取到的強度影像進行演算法重建，即可得到多張OCT系統下之En-face影像，最後再將不同時間點的4張重建影像放於血管造影演算法內做計算，並分析及評估其影像是否可顯現細胞移動之軌跡。
於兩次實驗結果顯示，經由二步相移法還原的影像且搭配IBDV演算法後，可在影像上觀察到細胞收縮之軌跡，因此這可證實了我們所提出的FFOCT系統搭配IBDV演算法之新應用。因此期望未來進一步可應用在更微小之細胞觀察上。

Full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) is based on low coherence interferometry to extract the three-dimension backscattering images of the sample. OCT with single-point scanning required many B-scan images from scanning to reconstruct an en-face image. Thus, in order to save the time for obtaining en-face images, we used FFOCT setup in this study.
In this research, a novel application is proposed that is FFOCT combines the angiographic algorithm to assess the moving backscatter in cells. In the experiment, we used the onion cells as a test sample. And then, in order to make the cells to change their morphology, we prepared the cells in hypertonic solution. We observed and captured images continuously from CCD camera. While the intensity images were captured, en-face images can be obtained after doing restructure algorithm. And then we can choose four different time-point images and calculate with angiography algorithm. At last, we analyzed and assessed the intensity of images to confirm that the cells were actually moved.
For two experiment results, the images with IBDV algorithm show that cells were in contraction when they are in hypertonic solution. According the results, we confirmed the feasibility of the FFOCT system combining with the IBDV algorithm method. In the future, we hope that the novel application can be used to observe more tiny cells.

目錄
致謝 I
中文摘要 III
Abstract IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機與目的 2
1-3 論文架構 4
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 6
2-1 光學同調斷層掃描簡介 6
2-1.1 干涉儀原理 8
2-1.2 低同調干涉術 11
2-1.3 縱向解析度 12
2-1.4 橫向解析度 13
2-1.5 散射機制 14
2-2光學同調斷層掃描術 16
2-2.1 時域光學同調斷層掃描術 16
2-2.2 頻域光學同調斷層掃描術 16
2-2.3 全域光學同調斷層掃描術 18
2-3 相位移干涉演算法 21
2-3.1 四步相移法 21
2-3.2 三步相移法 22
2-3.3 二步相移法 23
2-4 Intensity-based Doppler variance (IBDV)演算法介紹 24
第三章 實驗方法與材料 27
3-1 全域光學同調斷層掃描術架構介紹 27
3-1.1 影像重建方法 29
3-1.2 縱向解析度 30
3-1.3 橫向解析度 31
3-1.4 動態範圍及掃描速率 33
3-2 系統校正與優化 35
第四章 實驗結果與討論 38
4-1 影像重建方法比較 38
4-2 實驗樣品量測 39
4-2.1 多層仿體 39
4-2.2 洋蔥 40
4-3 IBDV演算法測試 42
4-3.1 鏡子 42
4-3.2 滴生理食鹽水於洋蔥 43
4-3.3 滴鹽水於洋蔥 44
第五章 結論與未來展望 48
5-1 結論 48
5-2 未來工作 48
參考文獻 50
圖目錄
圖2.1 光在組織中的吸收光譜 7
圖2.2、醫學成像技術於穿透深度及解析度比較[18] 8
圖2.3 干涉儀架構 (a)麥克森干涉儀 (b)馬克詹德干涉儀 9
圖2.4 干涉儀 (a) Michelson Interferometer (b) Linnik Interferometer (c)Mirau Interferometer [19] 11
圖2.5 干涉波形比較 (a) 窄頻光源 (b) 寬頻光源 [17] 12
圖2.6 OCT樣品端物鏡與同調閘位置示意圖 14
圖2.7 於生物樣品中之散射機制[21] 15
圖2.8 TD-OCT基本架構(Fiber space) 16
圖2.9 頻譜域光學同調斷層掃描(SD-OCT)系統架構[21] 17
圖2.10 FF-OCT基礎架構 18
圖2.11 Amaud Dubois團隊之FF-OCT系統 19
圖2.12 Manabu Sato團隊發表之即時顯像FF-OCT系統 20
圖2.13 PS-FF-OCT系統[6] 21
圖3.1全域光學同調斷層掃描系統架設示意圖 28
圖3.2 干涉訊號強度隨深度之波形圖 31
圖3.3 高倍物鏡 (a)Resolution target影像 (b)最小可分辨之亮暗條紋 32
圖3.4 低倍物鏡 (a)Resolution target影像 (b)最小可分辨之亮暗條紋 32
圖3.5 FFOCT之動態範圍量測 34
圖3.6 全域光學同調斷層掃描系統校正手法解說圖 35
圖3.7 干涉條文於45度時，所重建之結果 (a)相位為0的干涉影像 (b)移動 相位後影像 (c)兩相位影像相減之干涉條紋圖案 (d)重建之影像 36
圖3.8 二步相位移後的光強變化 37
圖4.1 解析力測試片 (a)雙CCD系統之還原影像 (b)干涉擺放位置示意圖 38
圖4.2 解析力測試片之還原影像 (a)單CCD系統結果 (b)二步相移法結果 39
圖4.3 玻片仿體示意圖 39
圖4.4 FFOCT於仿體掃描的還原影像( ) (a) (Surface) (b) (Fingerprint) (c) (NIR letters) (d) (Bottom) 40
圖4.5 (a)洋蔥上表皮 (b)樣品示意圖 40
圖4.6 (a)於FFOCT系統下還原之結果 (b)於顯微鏡下的洋蔥影像( ) 41
圖4.7 於細胞收縮後之還原影像(a)及顯微鏡下影像(b) 42
圖4.8 於禁止不動鏡子之IBDV測試結果 (a)非干涉區影像 (b)干涉區影像 (c)還原影像 (d)IBDV影像 (e)二值化後的IBDV影像 43
圖4.9 滴生理食鹽水於洋蔥的IBDV測試結果 (a)非干涉區洋蔥影像 (b)干涉區洋蔥影像 (c)洋蔥還原影像 (d)IBDV影像 (e)二值化後的IBDV影像 44
圖4.10 滴鹽水於洋蔥的IBDV測試結果 (a)非干涉區洋蔥影像 (b)干涉區洋蔥影像 (c)洋蔥還原影像 (d)IBDV影像 (e)二值化後的IBDV影像 45
圖4.11 於6秒平均後的IBDV結果 (a)IBDV影像 (b)二值化後結果 45
圖4.12 二步相移法於滴鹽水下洋蔥測試 (a)第一張平均後影像 (b)最後一張平均後影像 (c)紅線之光強分布 (d)IBDV影像 (e)二值化後IBDV影像 46
圖4.13 第二次IBDV測試於鹽水下洋蔥之收縮 (a)第一張平均後影像 (b)最後一張平均後影像 (c)紅線之強度分布 (d)IBDV影像 (e)二值化後IBDV影像 47
表目錄
表1.1 國人近年來的十大主要死因[10] 3
表3.1 各還原方法比較 30
表3.2 1951 USAF解析度對照表 32

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