臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

認知能力為影響日常生活及品質的重要元素。目前大部分學者都認為20歲左右為認知能力的最高峰，其後會隨著年齡的增長而衰退，隨著年齡增加之老化現象不僅呈現在身體結構與功能方面，其對於認知功能亦有負面之影響。
迄今探討有氧運動對於認知功能之影響持續進行中，不僅在動物研究上，也利用神經心理學的測驗來得知運動對於認知功能的影響，多篇的回顧性及統合分析的結果亦發現有正面效益。
本研究的目的為探討中等強度有氧運動對於認知功能產生的立即影響。實驗共招募了56位平均年齡為23歲的受測者，採用了威斯康辛卡片分類測驗、河內塔測驗、點圖形的次序物件記憶作業三種神經心理學測驗來評估受測者運動前後的立即影響。於運動期間會進行心律的監控達到有氧心跳率維持30分鐘。
實驗結果顯示，每位受測者對於威斯康辛卡片分類測驗之非持續錯誤及持續性應答數有明顯的改善外(p<.01)，在河內塔測驗中每位受測者每步所移動的時間也明顯減少(p<.01)，而在點圖形的次序物件記憶作業完成率也明顯升高(p<.01)。其後將性別分組做比較發現在河內塔的分數結果中發現女性成績優於男性，但並不顯著；而在威斯康辛卡片分類測驗的非持續性錯誤結果男性明顯優於女性；在持續性應答數及點圖形的次序物件記憶作業無明顯的差異。
因此從本實驗結果可推論，中等強度有氧運動對於認知功能有立即的影響外，在女性認知功能中的排序能力優於男性；而在抑制能力男性優於女性。

It is well accepted that a person’s cognitive function is at its peak at his/her 20’s, then will fall down year by year. Cognitive ability is the most important function for daily living and quality of life. Recent researches have suggested that aerobic exercise have a positive effect on cognitive functions.
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between moderate-intensity aerobic exercises and cognitive functions. Participants were asked to complete the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), Tower of Hanoi and N-back test before and after the moderate-intensity aerobic exercise which they were asked to play for thirty minutes. Finally the score changes in the Wisconsin card sorting test, Tower of Hanoi and N-back test in the control groups (before moderate-intensity aerobic exercise will be compared to that in the experiment groups after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise).
This study recruited fifty-six participants with a mean age of 23 years. The results indicated that there was a significant positive exercise effect on the Wisconsin card sorting test, Tower of Hanoi and N-back test in terms of the planning, inhibition, scheduling and working memory. We only found a little variation in Tower of Hanoi and nonperseverative errors of the WCST between genders.
The results also indicated that female’s scheduling ability was better than male’s, but male was better than female in inhibition ability.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
致謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
1 第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 8
1.3 研究範圍 9
1.4 名詞解釋 10
2 第二章 文獻回顧 11
2.1 認知功能的定義 11
2.2 認知功能的測量 14
2.3 額葉與認知功能 16
2.4 有氧運動對認知功能之影響 19
3 第三章 研究方法 22
3.1 研究設計 22
3.2 研究對象 23
3.3 研究工具 24
3.4 實驗流程 31
4 第四章 研究結果 33
4.1 實驗參與者基本資料 33
4.2 認知測驗表現 34
5 第五章 討論 45
6 第六章 結論與未來方向 48
6.1 結論 48
6.2 未來研究方向 49
7 第七章 參考文獻 50

表目錄
表 4 1 實驗參與者基本資料 33
表 4 2 男性參與者於威斯康辛卡片分類測驗之持續應答數數據結果 36
表 4 3 女性參與者於威斯康辛卡片分類測驗之持續應答數數據結果 36
表 4 4 男性參與者於威斯康辛卡片分類測驗之非持續性錯誤數據結果 37
表 4 5 女性參與者於威斯康辛卡片分類測驗之非持續性錯誤數據結果 38
表 4 6 男性參與者於河內塔測驗5層及6層所花費之平均步數與平均時間 40
表 4 7 女性參與者於河內塔測驗5層及6層所花費之平均步數與平均時間 41
表 4 8 男性參與者於河內塔測驗之數據結果 41
表 4 9 女性參與者於河內塔測驗之數據結果 41
表 4 10 男性及女性參與者於2-back task之數據結果 44

圖目錄
圖 3 1 威斯康辛卡片分類測驗受測時畫面 27
圖 3 2 河內塔測驗示意圖 28
圖 3 3 2-back task示意圖 29
圖 3 4 實驗流程圖 32
圖 4-1威斯康辛卡片分類測驗分數計算方式 35
圖 4-2 男性與女性參與者在持續應答數結果之比較圖 36
圖 4 3 男性與女性參與者在非持續性錯誤結果之比較圖 38
圖 4 4 男性在非持續性錯誤與持續應答數結果之比較圖 39
圖 4 5 女性在非持續性錯誤與持續應答數結果之比較圖 39
圖 4 6 男性在河內塔測驗5層及6層之數據比較圖 41
圖 4 7 女性在河內塔測驗5層及6層之數據比較圖 42
圖 4 8 男性與女性在河內塔測驗5層之數據比較圖 42
圖 4 9 男性與女性在河內塔測驗6層之數據比較圖 43
圖 4 10 男性與女性在2-back task之數據比較圖 44

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