臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用能量觀點來推估麥寮海埔地區之液化潛能，並建立動力夯實施加參數與液化潛能之關係式，藉以提供一個可利用動力夯實施加參數能快速評估液化與否之簡單模式，以近來台灣所發生之三大地震驗證結果，顯示此法之適用。另外，藉由實驗室之實驗值推得影響能量之折減係數I，建立動力夯實工法中夯擊能量之傳遞模式，以此動應力分佈來探討夯實能量於土體中之分佈情形，較以往以Boussinesq之靜應力分佈方式有著較佳之力學機制。接著探討夯實能量E與CPT-qc值其間之相互關係，得到一合乎本土化之砂質地盤夯擊能量之推估經驗式。此外，本研究亦以SPT-N值及CPT-qc值之液化潛能評估法，來評估動力夯實工法施工後對防止液化之成效。結果顯示某些區域即使降低現地實際夯實能量，亦可達到預定之改良標準值，而可節省大約一成之夯擊能量。最後將根據現地施工狀況及本研究之結果，提出建議之規劃、設計及施工準則，以作為往後施工之參考。

Simplified models for the evaluation of liquefaction potential for dynamic compaction treated soils subjected to earthquake loading are developed from viewpoints of energy transform and dynamic stress distribution. First, the energy Ee propagated to the site during a known magnitude earthquake is calculated. It is then compared with the energy Ecr impacted by dynamic compaction on the site to decide whether the site is liquefied or not. Second, the dynamic stress distribution equation is used to establish the relationship between the compaction energy and CPT-qc value of soil improvement. Through this relationship, soil’s CPT-qc value is estimated for a given compaction energy. Consequently, the liquefaction potential is evaluated. Finally, with the help of examples, it is found that the results computed from the models developed in this study agree reasonably with field observations.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究方法 3
1.4 論文內容 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 動力夯實工法 5
2.1.1 動力夯實工法發展史 5
2.1.2 動力夯實工法之原理 6
2.1.3 動力夯實工法施工時之土壤行為 7
2.1.3.1 未飽和土壤 7
2.1.3.2 飽和非黏性土壤 8
2.1.3.3 飽和黏性土壤 9
2.2 動力荷重下之垂直應力分布 10
2.3 動力夯實工法之施工參數 11
2.3.1 夯擊能量 12
2.3.2 錘重和落距 12
2.3.3 夯擊次數 13
2.3.4 夯擊間距 14
2.3.5 夯擊階段數 15
2.3.6 靜置時間 15
2.3.7 加固範圍 16
2.4 動力夯實工法夯擊能量與相關參數之關係 16
2.4.1 夯擊能量與有效深度之關係 16
2.4.2 夯擊能量與SPT-N值和CPT-qc值之關係 18
2.5 液化潛能評估之方法 21
2.5.1 SPT-N法 22
2.5.1.1 Seed et al.簡易經驗法 23
2.5.1.2日本道路協會簡易經驗法 24
2.5.1.3 Tokimatsu與Yoshimi簡易經驗法 24
2.5.1.4中國大陸簡易經驗法 24
2.5.1.5新日本道路協會簡易經驗法 25
2.5.2 CPT-qc法 25
2.5.3 震測VS法 29
2.5.4 以能量觀點評估液化潛能 29
第三章 施工過程及分析研究方法 54
3.1 動力夯實工法之設計與施工 54
3.1.1 施工機具 55
3.1.1.1 吊重設備 55
3.1.1.2 夯錘 56
3.1.1.3 吊錘裝置 57
3.1.1.4 試驗設備 57
3.1.1.5 整地機具 58
3.1.2 施工方法 58
3.1.2.1 主要夯擊 58
3.1.2.2 補強夯擊 59
3.1.3 施工監測 59
3.1.3.1 隆起貫入試驗HPT 60
3.1.3.2 孔隙水壓量測 60
3.1.3.3 地表及土層內沉陷量測 61
3.1.3.4 地表振動量測 61
3.1.4 檢校試驗 62
3.1.4.1 標準貫入試驗（SPT） 62
3.1.4.2 圓錐貫入試驗（CPT） 62
3.1.4.3 壓力計試驗（PMT） 63
3.2 夯擊能量與CPT-qc值之關係 63
3.2.1 能量傳遞之模式 64
3.2.2以動應力分佈方式建立動力夯實工法中
夯擊能量傳遞模式 66
3.2.3 夯擊能量與qc值之關係 67
3.2.3.1 夯擊點及CPT試驗點之確定 67
3.2.3.2 深度、夯擊間距（S）、CPT-qc與
之選定 67
3.2.3.3 資料迴歸及繪圖 68
3.3 以能量觀點評估液化潛能 68
3.3.1 地震的發生 69
3.3.2 以能量觀點評估液化潛能 70
第四章 結果之分析與探討 93
4.1 基地概況及土壤地質工程性質 93
4.1.1 基地地質概況 93
4.1.2 地層分佈概況及其工程性質 94
4.1.2.1粉土質細砂層（SM） 94
4.1.2.2 粉土質細砂至細砂層（SM） 94
4.1.2.3 細砂質粉土層（ML） 95
4.1.3 地下水位分佈概況 95
4.2以能量觀點來評估麥寮海埔地區
經動力夯實改良後土壤之液化潛能 95
4.2.1 瑞里大地震 96
4.2.2 集集大地震 97
4.2.3 嘉義大地震 98
4.3 影響能量與CPT-qc值之探討 98
4.3.1 影響能量與CPT-qc值之關係 98
4.3.2 與前人研究結果之比較 101
4.4 以SPT及CPT液化評估法
評估動力夯實工法之改良成效 102
4.4.1 地震評估 103
4.4.2 液化潛能分析方法 103
4.4.2.1 Tokimatsu & Yoshimi SPT-N
之液化潛能評估 103
4.4.2.2 Shibata CPT之液化潛能評估 104
4.5 規劃設計及施工準則之建立 104
第五章 結論與建議 130
5.1 結論 130
5.2 建議 132
參考文獻 133

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