臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇研究係以月芽藻 (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)針對16種一級炔丙基醇類(包含Primary propargylic alcohols and Primary homopropargylic alcohols)進行48小時密閉式藻類毒性試驗。將實驗結果，利用△DO、Final yield及Growth rate做為反應後之觀測終點，採用Probit模式算出半致死濃度 (50% Effect concentration，EC50)，由實驗結果結果顯示，炔基接於2的位置毒性較炔基接在3的位置高，再將求得毒性試驗以log(1/EC50)與logKOW進行回歸分析，扣除掉機制較為特殊的2-propyn-1-ol後得到以Final yield為反應終點之最佳回歸方程式(R2= 0.9)。針對低影響濃度進行敏感性之比較，(△DO、Final yield及Growth rate)，為 NOEC 較 EC10能提供對水體生物更嚴謹的保護標準。而在本研究之三個反應終點當中對於一級炔丙基醇類類之敏感性最高者為細胞密度變化量，其次為溶氧產生量，而敏感性最差之反應終點為生長率。與其他水體物種進行敏感度比較可以發現以魚類敏感性最高、其次為月芽藻，敏感性最差者為纖毛蟲。

The objective of this study is to study the toxic effect of primary propargylic alcohols on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata using a closed system test. The effects of primary propargylic acids were evaluated by three kinds of response endpoints, i.e., dissolved oxygen production, cell density and algal growth rate. Median effective concentratons (EC50s) were estimated using the Probit model with a test duration of 48hr. Primary propargylic alcohols with alkene on the second position exhibit higher toxicity than alkene on the third position. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were established based on the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (logKow) and using log(1/EC50) , 2-propyn-1-ol was not included , revealed a good regression relationship (R2=0.9, based on final yield).
The results also reveal that the value of the lower effect concentration of the primary propargylic alcohols (cell density, algal growth rate, and the dissolved oxygen production). This demonstrates that the NOEC value can offer a better standard for protecting our aquatic environment than the EC10 value . Hence, comparing with other aquatic organismsthe acute toxicity data , The order of the relative sensitivity is then obtained as follows : Fathead minnows> P. subcapitata > Tetrahymena pyriformis.

第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 5
1.3 研究方法與架構 6
第二章 文獻回顧 8
2.1 毒性物質－炔丙基醇類 8
2.1.1 炔丙基醇之物理特性 9
2.1.2 炔丙基醇類之應用 13
2.1.3 炔丙基醇之毒理特性 13
2.1.4 炔丙基醇類在環境中的分布及使用情況 17
2.1 藻類毒性試驗 19
2.2.1 試驗物種簡介 19
2.2.2 藻類計數方法 20
2.2.3 連續性藻類培養方式(Continuous culture technique) 22
2.2.4 藻類毒性試驗方式 23
2.2.5 試驗中的重要參數 26
2.2.6 密閉式試驗方法 30
2.2.7 密閉式BOD瓶藻類毒性試驗 32
2. 3 SOLVENT CONTROL 33
2. 4 QSAR的討論 36
2.4.1 QSAR介紹 36
2.4.2 QSAR在環境毒物學上的應用及分類 42
2.4.3 QSAR之分類 45
2.4.4 炔丙基醇類之QSAR 49
2.5 ACUTE AND CHRONIC RATIO ( ACR ) 51
第三章 基本理論 53
3.1 基本生長動力學 53
3.2 毒性試驗終點種類 55
3.3 毒性物質劑量反應模式 56
3.4 NOEC與CUT-OFF VALUE 59
3.4.1 判定NOEC和LOEC 59
3.4.2 平均中斷值（Cut-Off value） 60
第四章 實驗設備與方法 61
4.1 實驗設備及材料 61
4.2 實驗前準備 65
4.2.1 培養基質的配製 65
4.2.2 玻璃器皿清洗與滅菌 67
4.2.3 盤面光度之調整 67
4.2.4 藻類之培養步驟及裝置 68
4.2.5 ISOTON II之配製 70
4.2.6 電子顆粒計數器操作方式與原理 70
4.3 儀器操作原理、步驟與設定條件 72
4.3.1 TOC (總有機碳分析法) 72
4.3.2 COD-比色法 77
4.4 密閉式藻類毒性試驗方法及步驟 79
4.4.1 實驗方法 79
4.4.2 實驗步驟 79
4.5 實驗之品保及品管(QA/QC) 85
第五章 實驗結果與討論 87
5.1藻類毒性試驗數據 87
5.2物種比較表 91
5.3炔丙基醇類與基線毒性之比較 97
5.4 NOEC、EC10之比較 100
5.5 急慢毒性比(ACUTE-CHRONIC TOXICITY RATIO ; ACR) 105
5.6 QSAR分析 108
第六章 結論與建議 113
6.1 結論 113
6.2 建議 115
第七章、參考文獻 116
附錄一:原始數據 1
附錄二:劑量反應曲線圖 17

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