臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於近年來油價的飛漲，以及對於全球石油還能開採多久的疑慮，甚至是因為過度使用油類能源，造成二氧化碳過多導致全球溫度上昇，海平面昇高，故全球近年來一致的共識就是減少溫室氣體，所像風力發電這一類綠色能源逐步受到重視，而風力發電因為風的速度並不固定，故使用感應機做作為發電機主體。
本論文之目的在設計及分析靜態同步補償器(STATCOM)，以穩定風力發電系統之電壓，使用一直流電容器來提供電壓來源，使用脈波寬度調變技術(PWM)完成三相電壓源型變流器之設計，來達成電壓補償控制，模擬方面使用Matlab_simulink這套軟體，來評估補償器的補償效果。論文中主要針對負載加重、感應馬達啟動及負載變動在穩態及暫態兩方面之特性進行研究，最後由模擬及實際電路的實驗可以發現靜態同步補償器在感應機互聯電力系統發生負載加重，感應機起動，風速變動，負載變動之情況，可以快速且正確的穩定系統電壓，並且使電壓變動幅度縮小。

Due to the rise in oil price and the need to reduce carbon dioxide in order to alleviate the greenhouse effect, green energy such as wind-power electricity generation received much attention in recent years. Because the speed of the wind is not regular in wind-power electricity generation, induction machines are often used.
The purpose of this thesis is to design and analyze the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) which regulates the voltage of an induction generator system. With a direct current capacitor to offer the voltage source, a three-phase voltage source type converter is designed using a pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique in order to reach voltage compensation and control. Simulations are conducted using the software of Matlab_simulink. Both the steady-state performance and the transient characteristic of the system subject to the disturbances of step load change, and induction motor starting, and continuous load fluctuations are investigated in the thesis. Simulation and experimental results reveal that the system voltage can really be stabilized by the proposed static synchronous compensator. It is a very efficient manner when the system is subjected to various disturbances.

摘要…………………………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………ii
目錄……………………………………………………………………iv
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………viii
表目錄…………………………………………………………………Xiv
符號表…………………………………………………………………Xv
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究背景………………………………………………………1
1.2 文獻回顧………………………………………………………2
1.3 研究方向簡介 ………………………………………………5
1.4 論文內容介紹…………………………………………………7
第二章 靜態同步補償器理論分析……………………………………10
2.1 前言……………………………………………………………10
2.2 並聯補償器基本工作原理……………………………………10
2.2.1 靜態同步補償器之操作象限……………………………12
2.2.2 暫態穩定度………………………………………………13
2.2.3 電壓穩定度………………………………………………15
2.2.4 功因改善……………………………………………………17
2.2.5 電壓支撐……………………………………………………17
2.2.6 線路傳輸功率………………………………………………19
2.3 並聯型靜態同步補償器之架構………………………………21
2.3.1 補償器特性分析…………………………………………22
2.4 元件參數之決定………………………………………………24
2.4.1 電容器電壓與電容值設計………………………………24
2.4.2 補償器濾波電感器的設計………………………………26
2.4.3 補償器容量的計算………………………………………27
2.5 衝寬度調變(PWM)切換技術…………………………………27
2.5.1 PWM電壓控制器…………………………………………27
2.5.2 變流器切換頻率之分析…………………………………30
第三章 演算法分析……………………………………………………32
3.1前言………………………………………………………………32
3.2 同步旋轉座標軸轉換…………………………………………32
3.2.1同步旋轉座標軸……………………………………………33
3.2.2 靜態同步補償器之數學模型推導…………………………36
3.2.3 解耦合控制…………………………………………………39
第四章 硬體及軟體之設計……………………………………………42
4.1 前言……………………………………………………………42
4.2 感應發電機組硬體之介紹……………………………………42
4.2.1伺服馬達系統………………………………………………43
4.3硬體電路製作……………………………………………………45
4.3.1 電壓、電流感測器(Sensor)…………………………………46
4.3.2 研華PCL-1800資料擷取卡之簡介與設定……………………48
4.3.3 電力電路之製作………………………………………………52
4.3.4 驅動電路之製作…………………………………………57
4.3.5 互鎖電路之製作…………………………………………58
4.3.6 同步控制電路及鎖相電路之製作………………………61
4.3.7 其它相關硬體之制作…………………………………… 68
4.4 軟體程式規劃…………………………………………………69
4.4.1 軟體簡介……………………………………………………70
4.4.2 軟體程式之規劃設計……………………………………71
4.4.3 類比訊號輸入控制流程…………………………………73
4.4.4 切換信號控制流程……………………………………73
4.4.5補償信號控制流程………………………………………74
第五章 模擬結果與分析………………………………………………75
5.1 前言……………………………………………………………75
5.2 PCC點負載加重之補償………………………………………75
5.3 感應機起動之補償……………………………………………80
5.4 風速變動之補償………………………………………………85
5.4 模擬結果討論…………………………………………………88
第六章 實驗結果………………………………………………………90
6.1前言……………………………………………………………90
6.2 P.C.C點負載加重之補償………………………………………90
6.3 感應機起動之補償……………………………………………93
6.4負載變動補償…………………………………………………95
6.5 實驗結果討論…………………………………………………99
6.5.1負載加重補償………………………………………………99
6.5.2 感應機起動補償…………………………………………99
6.5.3 負載變動補償……………………………………………100
第七章 結論…………………………………………………………102
7.1結論……………………………………………………………102
7.2未來研究方向…………………………………………………102
參考文獻………………………………………………………………104

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