臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

何謂剝奪？什麼被剝奪了？既然被剝奪，又如何能復原？本論文所要探討的「剝奪」可從兩方面來探討：一是西方文明的被剝奪繼承權，一是作家的被剝奪繼承權。前者主要探討西方文明的斷層，後者則是討論作家在社會的定位問題。在康拉德的《黑暗之心》與卡夫卡的《審判》中，我們可以看到整個社會的分崩離析，而人處在其中苦苦掙扎。這種情況也正是康拉德與卡夫卡的處境。由於在社會中找不到自己的立足之地，康拉德與卡夫卡退回到他們的書桌，用寫作作為唯一的武器來對抗社會；經由敘述、指出文明社會的矛盾與問題，我認為康拉德與卡夫卡進入了整個當代思想的核心，透過書寫，他們因此取回了作家的繼承權。故此，藝術完成了服務社會的功能，而不再只是無用。
第一章先描述歌德「世界文學」所提倡的世界觀，來說明本論文旨在達到一種文學的宏觀。再者，此章探討藝術家如何被剝奪了繼承權。第二章著重康拉德在《黑暗之心》一書中，透過主要敘述者馬羅的剛果之行及其敘述，發現了自然力量的強大，人低估自然的力量，以至於理性被吞沒，而無法發揮作用。第三章主要討論卡夫卡《審判》中被法庭判了罪的主角約瑟夫‧K，在他不斷探求自己是否有罪的同時，也發現了整個大體制的腐敗與矛盾。書中的人物，在官僚體制的壓迫下，甚至無法使用理性了。人變成了其中的犧牲品。末章為本論文之總結，透過作者對於社會問題的敘述，文學再度與生活結合在一起。也因此作家又回復到口說文學的傳統-那是個當文學故事能提供某種實用的意見給廣大聽眾的時候。

What does it mean by "disinherited"? What are disinherited? How are "the disinherited" reclaimed? "The disinherited" in this thesis can be seen in two ways: the disinheritance of Western civilization and the disinheritance of the artist. The former centers on the problem of Western civilization, the latter focuses on the role of artist in modern society.
Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Franz Kafka's The Trial describe the falling apart of civilization, and man struggles within it. And such, too, is precisely the dilemma of Conrad and Kafka. Unable to find their place in the modern society, both Conrad and Kafka retreat to their desks, using writing as the only way to keep themselves alive. In revealing the problems of their society, both Conrad and Kafka have entered the dominant stream of contemporary thinking. Through their writing, they have reclaimed their roles as artists. Thus, the aesthetic value of art has accomplished its practical function in society. It is no longer useless.
The first chapter talks about Goethe's idea of Weltliteratur, and points out that the purpose of this thesis is to approach a cosmopolitanism of literature. Furthermore, this chapter discusses how and in what ways are artists "disinherited."
The second chapter discusses how the narrator Marlow in Heart of Darkness, through his Congo journey, discovers the power of nature. Because man underestimates the power of nature, his reason is devoured and can hardly function any more. The third chapter focuses on how the protagonist Joseph K. in The Trial, through his inquiry of the essence of his accused guilt, discovers the loathsome aspects of the bureaucratic organizations. The people in The Trial, under the oppression of the bureaucratic systems, can no longer utilize their reason. Man becomes the victim of bureaucracy.
The last chapter is my conclusion. Through the writers' uncovering the problems of our society, literature again has become part of our lives. Therefore, the storyteller regains his inheritance from oral tradition when storytelling provided life-giving advice for its listeners.

Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
The Disinherited Minds ............................................................................1
Chapter Two: Civilization and Wilderness in Heart of Darkness..............12
I. The External Journey: Discovery of Society.........................................13
II. The Internal Journey: Discovery of Self .............................................27
III. Conrad's Life and Art ........................................................................41
Chapter Three: The Intrusiveness of Bureaucracy in The Trial ...............52
I. The Paternal Authority .........................................................................53
II. Multi-Facets of Guilt ...........................................................................69
III. Kafka as "A Hunger Artist" ...............................................................84
Chapter Four: Conclusion
The Cultural Teachers ............................................................................94
Bibliography ..........................................................................................99

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