臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文探討了台北市北投區關渡地區6支大口徑基樁之試樁資料所進行之詮釋研究，共有2支壓力樁及4支拉拔樁（其中兩支為壁樁）。本論文之研究目的與重點如下：1) 從基樁載重試驗所埋設鋼筋計所量得原始資料分析基樁行為；2) 運用反算方法求得樁身摩擦阻抗與樁/土初始剪切勁度；3) 利用APILE軟體分析以上試樁，再與反算結果比對；4) 比較於同一地層中，軸拉與軸壓鑽掘樁以及與軸拉壁樁極限摩擦阻抗之差異；5) 拉拔樁常因試驗過程產生混凝土裂縫對基樁行為詮釋之影響。現在國內常使用割線模數法來詮釋樁載重試驗的軸力分析並直接作為設計參考，然而樁載重試驗會因試驗中可能混凝土開裂因素造成鋼筋計讀數過大，尤其是拉拔樁，而無法去完整地得到彈性模數，往往需要修正鋼筋計來使詮釋法可以繼續進行，但是這無法去真正詮釋基樁行為是否與實際基樁行為準確，故本文提出使用切線模數法分析原始試樁資料，再使用Z.R.Xiao等人(2003)提出之土壤參數反算法得到隨深度分布的摩擦阻抗與剪切勁度曲線。此外，並另外使用軸向載重計算程式APILE建立基樁模型與土層參數，並將樁載重試驗結果、反算法得到之結果與使用APILE分析結果三者相互比較。本研究分析結果顯示使用切線模數法求得之軸力隨樁身分布會較一般常用之割線模數法結果大，說明在模數法的使用上割線模數法還較為保守，但切線模數法較割線模數法計算繁瑣，Z.R.Xiao(2003)之土壤參數反算法，可以合理模擬因混凝土裂縫造成鋼筋計讀數過大的困擾，得以曲線擬合得到隨深度變化的軸力，並且加以得到沿樁身摩擦阻抗與剪切勁度，並和樁載重試驗結果與APILE分析結果相互比較，看出三者間皆有相近得結果，可驗證樁載重試驗資料分析結果、反算結果及APILE分析結果之可信度。

This thesis interprets axial pile load testing data of six large piles, which include two compressive testing, two tensile testing of drilled shafts and two other tensile testing of barrettes, located at Guandu area of Beitou in Taipei city. The objectives and some key research points of this thesis are:1) The original raw data is interpreted from installed strain gages along shaft during pile load testing; 2) Use of the inverse method to obtain the ultimate frictional resistance of the pile and the initial shear stiffness at the pile/soil interface; 3) Use of APILE software to analyze the above test piles and to compare the difference between the inverse analysis results and the APILE results; 4) Compare the ultimate friction resistance between the tensile and compress piles and between the drilled shafts and barrettes at the same soil layer; 5) Interpretation of tensile piles often affected by concrete cracking during testing, a method to fix the problem is proposed in the thesis.
Nowadays, the secant modulus method is the most often used method in Taiwan to interpret the axial force along shaft of the tested pile. Sometimes, the read-out from the installed strain gages appears to be amplified due to concrete cracking, which caused all the stain carried by the rebar only, not both rebar and concrete. Hence, it is impossible to estimate a correct elastic modulus. The effect of concrete cracking is more serious for tensile load testing pile. Therefore, this thesis proposes to use the tangent modulus method and then use the inverse analysis, used by Z.R. Xiao（2003）, to simulate a reasonable axial distribution along shaft. In addition, the ultimate frictional resistance and shear stiffness at pile/soil interface can also be estimated. In addition, the program APILE is used to analyze the tested piles. The results interpreted from the read-out of the pile load testing and from the inverse analysis are compared to the results of the APILE analysis.
The results of this study show that the axial force obtained by the tangent modulus method is larger than that of the commonly used secant modulus method, which indicates that the secant modulus method is more conservative in estimating concrete modulus. It’s to point out that the tangent modulus method is more complicated than the secant modulus method in modulus estimation. The inverse method adopted from Z.R. Xiao（2003）can reasonably simulate the axial force along depth by curve fitting, and the ultimate frictional resistance and shear stiffness between pile/soil interface are obtained. Comparing to the results interpreted from pile load testing, inverse analysis and APILE analysis, it is observed that there appear to have similar trend among the three methods.

謝誌 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目 次 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章、緒論 2
1.1研究背景 2
1.2研究目的與重點 3
1.3論文架構 3
第二章、文獻回顧 5
2.1基樁軸向載重試驗 5
2.1.1 樁載重試驗準備工作 5
2.1.2 樁載重試驗設備 6
2.1.3 樁載重試驗加載方法 9
2.1.4 監測儀器配置 10
2.2 基樁軸向載重試驗資料分析 11
2.2.1單樁垂直抗壓承載力 11
2.2.2 垂直極限抗壓承載力 12
2.2.3樁底極限承載力 15
2.2.4 單樁拉拔行為與機制 15
2.2.5 拉拔承載力理論 17
2.2.6垂直極限拉拔承載力 18
2.2.7 在凝聚性土壤之極限摩擦應力 19
2.2.8在砂性土壤之基樁極限摩擦應力 20
2.2.9基樁荷重傳遞曲線(t-z and q-z curve) 21
2.3反算分析 26
第三章、分析模式建立 27
3.1 解析軸向載重 27
3.2土壤參數反算法 36
3.2.1單樁反算分析 36
3.2.2樁身和樁底傳遞函數之模擬 38
3.2.3決定參數過程 38
3.3 APILE分析程式介紹 39
3.3.1計算模式介紹 40
3.3.2基樁材料選擇 44
3.3.3基樁參數輸入 45
3.3.4土層參數輸入 45
第四章、案例分析 48
4.1試樁地點說明 48
4.2案例土層條件概述 49
4.3 基樁概述 51
4.4基樁反算分析步驟說明 59
4.4.1曲線擬合軸力變化分析 62
4.4.2 土壤參數反算比較 66
4.4.3 樁身摩擦阻抗與位移正反算結果（t-z曲線）與APILE分析 72
4.4.4 樁底承阻抗與位移量正反算結果（q-z曲線） 97
第五章、結論與建議 99
5.1結論 99
5.2建議 100
參考文獻 101

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