臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要

為了解三酚基錫(triphenyltin, TPT)對硬骨魚類生理現象之影響，本研究以在河口生活之銀紋笛鯛(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)為指標魚種，探討TPT對其受精卵、仔稚魚之毒性作用。茲將研究結果摘述如下：

受精卵經300μg/l TPT處理後，其孵化率降至62％；350μg/l和400μg/l TPT兩組的孵化率則已降至37％和23％，經統計檢定後，此三組均和對照組有顯著差異(ANOVA, p＜0.05)，其餘各組(30-270μg/l)和對照組並無顯著的差異(ANOVA, p＞0.05)。

仔魚之24小時半致死濃度為3.095μg/l。以SEM觀察角膜，隨著TPT濃度增加，角膜上緣具保護功能的薄膜皺縮、破裂的現象更為嚴重，並有粗糙、剝落的情形，此外角膜上皮細胞已有裸露在外的情形。

稚魚96小時半致死濃度為48.6μg/l。以SEM觀察對照組之角膜上皮細胞，發現角膜上皮細胞呈規則狀排列，且表面的微脊呈同心圓構造。隨著TPT濃度增加，可發現微脊構造受損、消失，上皮細胞壞死、剝離，且已有部分基質層組織裸露在外。再以TEM觀察，發現隨著TPT濃度增加，上皮細胞壞死的現象更為明顯，空泡佔滿了整個上皮細胞。50及90μg/l的組別中，空泡分布面積分別為44.70 ± 20.95 ％及53.44 ± 24.61 ％，經過統計後，與對照組(0 ％)呈現顯著的差異(ANOVA, p＜0.05)。而對照組的內皮細胞呈現緻密的排列，經TPT處理後，內皮細胞排列則較鬆散、細胞扭曲變形，並伴隨著空泡的產生，甚至有內皮細胞因為空泡面積的增大而消失不見的情形。

此外，銀紋笛鯛的紅血球微核發生率會隨著TPT濃度增加而有增加的趨勢，經統計檢定後，各處理組的微核發生率均和對照組呈現顯著差異(ANOVA, p＜0.01)。此外，紅血球細胞的細胞膜會有棘突狀(EC: echinocytes)的現象、細胞形狀的改變(AC: altered cell)、不平均的染色體出現(AN: anisochromasia)、細胞核形狀的改變(NM: altered nuclear morphology)、細胞質出現空泡(VA: vacuolation)以及細胞核消失(EN: enucleated cells)等細胞形態變化，統計檢定顯示出TPT處理組和對照組有顯著的差異(ANOVA, p＜0.01)。

Abstract

In order to investigate the toxic effects of TPT (triphenyltin) on marine teleosts, the hatching, survival, morphology and histology of early stages of red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) were obtained in the present study.

The hatching rate of newly fertilized eggs decreased to 62％, 37％ and 23％ after TPT (300, 350 and 400μg/l) exposure which were significantly differences from the control group (ANOVA, p＜0.05). There were no significantly differences between other groups (30-270μg/l) and the control group (ANOVA, p＞0.05).

The TPT 24 hr LC50 of red snapper larvae is 3.095μg/l. From scanning electron microscopic studies on corneal structure of larvae, there was a membrane covered on the cornea. As the TPT concentration increased, the membrane broken and the corneal showed the severe sloughing and necrotic epithelium.

The TPT 96 hr LC50 of juvenile is 48.6μg/l. In SEM observation, the cornea epithelium cells showed disappeared microridge, severe lifting and sloughing of squamous epithelial cells after exposure of TPT treatment. In TEM observation of the corneal epithelium cell, the necrosis and enlarged intercellular space were observed. The total area of the intercellular spaces were 44.70 ± 20.95 ％ and 53.44 ± 24.61 ％, which were significantly different from the control group (0 ％)(ANOVA, p＜0.05). There were remarkable intercellular spaces between the endothelium cells and the nucleus swelled. The corneal lamellae showed irregular arrangement and necrosis. And the keratocytes between the corneal lamellae showed swelling and vacuolation.

Micronucleus frequency profiles showing dose-response relationship after TPT exposure for 48 hr. There were significantly differences between the treatment groups and control group (ANOVA, p＜0.01). The morphology changes of the erythrocytes (eg. echinocytes, vacuoles, ennucleated cells and altered nuclear morphology) after TPT exposure was significantly different between control group (ANOVA, p＜0.01). Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity damages of TPT in the erythrocytes were used in the present study in order to establish a non- destructive detection test for environmental pollution.

目錄

表目錄 I
圖目錄 II
照片目錄 IV
摘要 VI
Abstract VIII
前言 1
材料與方法 7
結果 15
討論 22
參考文獻 30
Tables 37
Figures 41
Plates 47
附錄一 56
附錄二 59

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