臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在本論文中，我們於一面積20 mm  13.03 mm 之Roger 4003玻璃纖維基板設計並製作一平面化超寬頻帶通濾波器。該濾波器由指插耦合線結構( Interdigital-coupled line )以及步階阻抗結構( Step-impedance resonator )所組成。指插耦合結構能提供超寬頻需要的寬帶，在步階阻抗在通帶兩側產生一對傳輸零點加速信號衰減。並且我們對步階阻抗的末端部分做額外設計來抑止諧波。濾波器實際量測結果顯示通帶範圍3.07 ~ 9.95 GHz，反射損耗大於17.9 dB，插入損耗普遍小於0.6 dB，而通帶外到15 GHz以前的插入損耗皆能抑制至-15.2 dB以下。

In this thesis, we design a planar UWB filter then fabricate it on a Roger4003 substrate which is 20mm × 13.03mm. The filter consists of interdigital-coupled line and step-impedance resonators. The interdigital-coupled line provides the passband of UWB filter and the step-impedance resonators perform a pair of transmission zeros on two sides of passband so that the edge may be sharper than used to be. Besides, we have an additional device on the step-impedance resonators to suppress the spurious mode. The measurement result show that the passband is between 3.07 ~ 9.95 GHz, return loss is better than 17.9 dB, insertion loss is less than 0.6 dB, and suppression on upper stopband above 15.2 dB until 15 GHz

目錄

摘要 ...........................................................................................................I
Abstract.....................................................................................................II
致謝..........................................................................................................III
目錄..........................................................................................................IV
圖目錄......................................................................................................VI
表目錄.......................................................................................................X
第一章 緒論............................................................................................1
1.1 導論.........................................................................................1
1.2 超寬頻簡介.............................................................................1
1.3 研究背景.................................................................................5
1.4 研究動機.................................................................................6
1.5 論文章節排序.........................................................................7
第二章 理論分析....................................................................................7
2.1 散射參數.................................................................................7
2.2 奇偶模對稱分析...................................................................10
2.3 耦合線結構...........................................................................13
2.3-1　微帶線................................................................................13
2.3-2　平行耦合線結構................................................................14
2.4 步階阻抗諧振器...................................................................19
2.4-1　步階阻抗諧振器結構........................................................20
2.4-2　半波長步階阻抗結構的分析............................................20
2.5　超寬頻微波濾波器之設計...................................................26
2.5-1　微波濾波器簡介................................................................26
2.5-2　微波濾波器設計流程........................................................27
2.5-3　制定濾波器規格................................................................28
2.5-4　估算諧振器尺寸................................................................29
2.5-5　指插耦合線........................................................................30
2.5-6　步階阻抗結構....................................................................36
2.5-7 其他型式的步階阻抗結構................................................44
2.5-8　完成濾波器設計................................................................45
第三章　濾波器製作..............................................................................46
3.1 製作光罩檔...........................................................................46
3.2　微影蝕刻製程.......................................................................48
3.3　實品量測...............................................................................50
第四章　結果與討論..............................................................................53
4.1 超寬頻濾波器.......................................................................53
4.1-1 指插耦合結構....................................................................54
4.1-2a 步階阻抗結構..................................................................56
4.1-2b 環形步階阻抗..................................................................58
4.1-2c 附帶殘斷的環型步階阻抗..............................................61
4.2 模擬與量測結果比較...........................................................65
4.3 其他型式的平面化超寬頻濾波器.......................................68
第五章　結論..........................................................................................72
參考文獻..................................................................................................73




圖目錄

第一章　緒論
圖1.1 一般通訊系統與超寬頻系統的時域/頻域表現比較..................2
圖1.2 超寬頻與其他通訊系統的頻譜比較...........................................2
圖1.3 超寬頻與藍牙等通訊系統的傳輸速率比較...............................3
圖1.4 超寬頻室內與室外發射功率要求...............................................4

第二章　理論分析
圖2.1 雙埠網路及其電壓波與電流波...................................................7
圖2.2 對稱雙埠網路的(a).偶模態；(b).奇模態....................................10
圖2.3 (a) .微帶線的平面結構及其電場E與磁場H；
(b).立體結構圖；(c).帶線的平面結構及其電場與磁場；
(d).立體結構圖........................................................................13
圖2.4　(a).耦合帶線；(b).耦合微帶線....................................................15
圖2.5　(a).耦合傳輸線與其；(b).等效電容示意圖................................15
圖2.6　(a).偶模態示意圖；(b).偶模態等效電容....................................15
圖2.7　(a).奇模態示意圖；(b).奇模態等效電容....................................16
圖2.8　耦合微帶線的偶模/奇模特性阻抗圖........................................18
圖2.9　耦合微帶線的偶模/奇模等效介電係數圖................................18
圖2.10 (a).髮夾型諧振器；
(b)的方型開迴路諧振器.........................................................19
圖2.11 (a).均勻半波長諧振器；(b).半波長步階阻抗
(c).四分之一波長步階阻抗；
(d)&(e).不對稱的步階阻抗.....................................................20
圖2.12 (a).半波長步階阻抗的奇模態半電路；
(b).偶模態半電路....................................................................21
圖2.13 半波長微帶線總電性長度θT與單一電性長度θ1
在不同阻抗比值的關係..........................................................22
圖2.14 在θ1=θ2時，半波長步階阻抗總電性長度θT
與阻抗比R的關係..................................................................24
圖2.15 半波長與四分之一波長步階阻抗其阻抗比
對二次諧波的影響..................................................................25
圖2.16　無線通訊接收系統前端電路架構圖.......................................26
圖2.17　帶通濾波器信號響應示意圖...................................................27
圖2.18　插入損耗法流程圖...................................................................27
圖2.19　超寬頻濾波器預定結構圖.......................................................29
圖2.20　(a).以多級平行耦合線實現的帶通濾波器；
(b).傳統指插耦合線帶通濾波器............................................30
圖2.21 (a).傳統平行耦合線；(b).指插耦合線....................................31
圖2.22 傳統平行耦合線與指插耦合線的通帶比較...........................31
圖2.23　(a).傳統平行耦合線；(b).等效J模型電路；
(c).指插耦合線.........................................................................32
圖2.24　以IE3D軟體模擬，兩種平行耦合線的電流密度比較...........33
圖2.25　(a).指插耦合線可視作兩組平行耦合線疊合；
(b).不對稱的平行耦合線；(c).等效指插耦合線.....................34
圖2.26　(a).兩段指插耦合線串聯；(b).雙級指插耦合線結構..............35
圖2.27 步階阻抗共振腔(a).對稱型；(b).非對稱型..............................36
圖2.28 R = 0.2的兩種步階阻抗電磁波走向......................................38


圖2.29 (a).均勻阻抗諧振器其頻譜與模態；
(b).步階阻抗( R=0.6)諧振器其頻譜與模態...........................39
圖2.30 對稱型與非對稱型步階阻抗殘斷之饋入、饋出端.................40
圖2.31 對稱型與非對稱型，通帶兩側零點與阻抗比的關係.............42
圖2.32 對稱型步階阻抗通帶與阻抗比的關係...................................42
圖2.33 非對稱型步階阻抗通帶與阻抗比的關係...............................43
圖2.34 (a).一般步階阻抗；(b).擴張型步階阻抗；
(c).環形步階阻抗.....................................................................44
圖2.35 環型步階阻抗與一般步階阻抗其模態以及頻譜響應...........45

第三章　濾波器製作
圖3.1 濾波器光罩圖.............................................................................47
圖3.2 (a).單一元件完成品；(b).封裝後的元件....................................50
圖3.3 向量網路分析儀Agilent E8362b ..............................................51

第四章　結果與討論
圖4.1 超寬頻濾波器結構圖.................................................................53
圖4.2 雙級指插耦合線頻譜響應.........................................................54
圖4.3 一般步階阻抗結構.....................................................................56
圖4.4 步階阻抗結構頻譜響應.............................................................57
圖4.5 使用一般型步階阻抗的超寬頻濾波器頻譜響應.....................57
圖4.6 環形步階阻抗.............................................................................58
圖4.7 環形步階阻抗與對應的一般步階阻之模態比較.....................59
圖4.8 環型步階阻抗與一般步階阻抗的模態與零點比較.................59
圖4.9 使用一般步階阻抗與環型步階阻抗的超寬頻濾波器
頻譜響應比較..........................................................................60
圖4.10 附有殘斷的環形步階阻抗.......................................................61
圖4.11 環形步階阻抗附加殘斷前後的頻譜響應...............................62
圖4.12 雙級指插耦合線與附殘斷環形步階阻抗頻譜響應比較.......62
圖4.13 使用環型步階阻抗以及附帶殘斷的環形步階阻抗
超寬頻濾波器頻譜響應比較..................................................63
圖4.14 三種超寬頻濾波器的電流密度分佈圖...................................64
圖4.15 使用一般步階阻抗的超寬頻濾波器
模擬與量測頻譜響應..............................................................66
圖4.16 使用環形步階阻抗的超寬頻濾波器
模擬與量測頻譜響應..............................................................66
圖4.17 使用附殘斷環步階阻抗的超寬頻濾波器
模擬與量測頻譜響應..............................................................68
圖4.18 最早的多功器型超寬頻濾波器...............................................69
圖4.19 微帶線多功器型超寬頻濾波器結構示意圖...........................69
圖4.20 P. K. Singh設計的超寬頻濾波器及其頻譜響應....................70



表目錄

第二章　理論分析
表2.1 不同阻抗比的步階阻抗的寬度、長度變化...............................37
表2.2 不同阻抗比的步階阻抗的長度縮減量.....................................37
表2.3 對稱型步階阻抗通帶與零點的變化.........................................41
表2.4 非對稱型步階阻抗通帶與零點的變化.....................................41

第四章　結果與討論
表4.1 縮短諧振器對指插耦合線諧波的影響.....................................55

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