臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於可攜式電子產品及電動車等應用所需的電池，對包括儲電量及能量密度要求愈來愈高，在現今的電池中，僅有鋰電池是比較成熟的候選者。然而，鋰電池無法承受過高或過低的電壓，也不適合工作或保存在過熱的環境中，否則可能會縮短壽命，或甚至有爆炸的危險。因此，鋰電池必須加裝許多保護電路，方能安全的使用。尤其是對電壓需求較高的應用，串聯電池組是很自然的選擇。而鋰電池加以串聯應用之後，對每個單元電池均需做好上述的保護措施。
另一方面，由於串聯電池中的個別電池本身的差異，加上環境條件不一，使得各個電池的電量狀態(state-of-charge, SOC)出現差異。對鋰電池而言，這些差異除了造成能量儲存能力的閒置之外，更是會造成安全性的威脅。
本文的目的即是要完成一套由十個鋰電池串聯而成的電源系統，內容包含鋰電池的保護系統以及電量平衡電路。本系統的控制核心是Microchip的dsPIC控制器，搭配偵測電路，達到包括過電壓、欠電壓、過溫度以及過電流等保護功能。而電量平衡電路則是由一組E類換流器，搭配多繞組變壓器所組成。此電量平衡電路能隨時進行電量平衡動作，不限於充電或是放電的狀況。而且，由於E類換流器能達成零電壓切換，減少切換損失，使得平衡電路的效率得以提高。

Nowadays, due to the rigid requirements upon storage capability and energy density towards batteries applied on such as portable electronics and even electric vehicles, only lithium-breed batteries might be the prominent candidate. However, lithium-breed batteries are fragile and sensitive to too high/low terminal voltage, too hot environment or too high battery current. The side effect might be premature decay or even extremely explosive hazard. To cope with these perplexing ingredients, versatile protecting circuits are requisites for lithium-breed batteries. Furthermore, for high voltage applications, series-connected battery string is a non-hesitant choice. In a lithium-battery string, every single battery unit should be protected as fore-mentioned.
On the other hand, because of the intrinsic differences between battery itself and extrinsic operation conditions, the state-of-charge (SOC) would be divergent in the battery string. As for lithium batteries, these divergences not only should be responsible for the waste of energy storage, but also reinforce the threatening of contingency.
This thesis is aimed to carry out an electric power system composed of ten series-connected lithium batteries. This system includes a battery protecting system and a charge-equalization circuit. This power system is kernelled with a Microchip-based dsPIC controller. Together with associated detecting circuit, the controller can perform protection functions for preventing hazards such as over-voltage, under-voltage, over-temperature and over-current. Charge-equalization circuit is composed of a class E inverter and a multi-winding transformer, which can perform equalization task constantly. In addition, the zero-voltage-switching feature of class E inverters helps reduce the switching loss and boost the operation efficiency of this equalization circuit.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
圖表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究目的 2
1-3 本文大綱 3
第二章 鋰電池介紹 5
2-1 鋰二次電池介紹 6
2-2 鋰電池串聯之電池組 8
2-3 電量平衡電路 9
第三章 串聯式電源系統 15
3-1 串聯鋰電池電量平衡保護系統 15
3-1-1 電壓偵測電路 16
3-1-2 電流偵測電路 18
3-1-3 溫度偵測電路 19
3-1-4 充放電狀態偵測電路 20
3-2 偵測電路電源 26
3-3 通訊介面(Controller Area Network Bus) 27
3-3-1 CAN Bus 概述 27
3-3-2 CAN Bus對錯誤採取的動作 29
3-3-3 CAN Bus應用 30
3-4 E類換流器電量平衡電路 31
3-4-1 E類換流器基本原理 31
3-4-2 電量平衡電路操作模式 34
3-4-3 平衡電路參數設計 42
第四章 微控器架構與策略 51
4-1 數位訊號微控器簡介 51
4-2 電源保護系統程式規劃 52
4-2-1 電壓、電流及溫度偵測 54
4-2-2 過充保護策略 55
4-2-3 過放保護策略 57
4-2-4 溫度保護策略 58
4-2-5 過電流保護策略 59
4-3 電量平衡電路控制設計 60
第五章 實驗結果 63
5-1 保護電路實測結果 63
5-2 平衡電路參數設定 69
5-3 平衡電路實測結果 70
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 77
6-1 結論 77
6-2 未來研究方向 77
參考文獻 79

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