臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用溶膠-凝膠法(sol-gel)製備中空型氧化鋅(ZnO)奈米微球結構，經Na2S溶液的硫化製程製作多層殼核結構(ZnS/ZnO/ZnS)，探討不同硫化時間(1.5小時、3小時、 6 小時、 12小時)對結構、特性與應用的影響。
從SEM圖觀察到中空型ZnO奈米微球結構與多層殼核結構ZnS/ZnO/ZnS直徑約500 nm。中空型ZnO奈米微球結構經硫化處理，硫化鋅的厚度隨硫化時間增加變厚；研究發現經硫化三小時的球體，在XRD峰譜28.8度上產生硫化鋅(002)的繞射峰值；在拉曼光譜上產生347 cm-1的ZnS特徵峰譜，證實ZnO經Na2S溶液的硫化過程可順利產生硫化鋅，在室溫光致發光光譜上發現隨硫化時間增加氧化鋅的紫外光發光強度產生變化。
研究結果顯示，將多層殼核ZnS/ZnO/ZnS作為N719染料敏化太陽能電池之電極，其轉換效率較電極採用中空型ZnO奈米結構的低，研究中並對此結果做可能性探討。

In this study, the hollow ZnO micro spheres were synthesized by a sol-gel process. The multi core-shell ZnS/ZnO/ZnS nanostructure was formed by the sulfuration process with Na2S aqueous. The influence of various sulfuration times (0, 3, 6, 12 hr) on structural, character and its application were discussed.
From the SEM images, the diameter of the hollow ZnO and core-shell ZnS/ZnO/ZnS is about 500 nm. The thickness of ZnS nano-shell becomes thicker when the sulfuration time increases. A peak located at 28.8o, indexed ZnS (002), was observed in the XRD spectra of the sample with sulfuration time 3 hr. A peak located at 347 cm-1, ZnS E1(LO), in the Raman spectra was found when the sulfuration time exceeded 3 hr. These results indicate ZnS thin-film can be formed when the hollow ZnO spheres were treated in the Na2S aqueous. The variation of ZnO UV emission is due to the sulfuration time increasing. Comparison with the N719 DSSC with hollow ZnO nanostructure, a less performance was measured in the N719 DSSC with ZnS/ZnO/ZnS nanostructure electrode. A possible reason was given in the study.

誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2 奈米材料 2
1-2-1奈米材料特性 2
1-2-2 小尺寸效應 3
1-2-3 表面效應 3
1-3-4 量子效應 3
1-3 太陽能電池 5
1-3-1 太陽能電池發展 5
1-3-2 太陽能電池種類 5
1-4 文獻回顧 9
1-4-1氧化鋅 9
1-4-2 殼核結構材料 14
1-5研究動機 25
第二章 原理 27
2-1 染料敏化太陽能電池 27
2-1-1 電流產生原理 27
2-1-2 轉換效率與填充因子 28
2-1-3 染料光敏化劑 30
2-1-4 電解液 30
第三章 實驗方法與設備介紹 32
3-1實驗用藥品 32
3-1-1製備中空型氧化鋅奈米微球結構所需藥品 32
3-1-2製備殼核狀結構所需藥品 32
3-1-3製備染料敏化太陽能電池所需藥品 33
3-2實驗設備儀器 34
3-2-1分析儀器 35
3-3實驗步驟與流程 36
3-3-1 製備中空型氧化鋅奈米微球結構 36
3-3-2製備多層殼核結構 39
3-4 染料敏化電池製備 40
3-4-1 製備膠體溶液 40
3-4-2 製備電解液 40
3-4-3 玻璃清洗 41
3-4-4 製作染料敏化太陽電池 41
3-5 特性分析 43
3-5-1材料外觀分析 43
3-5-2 X光能量散布光譜儀 44
3-5-3 材料晶體結構分析 44
3-5-4 材料光電子能譜 45
3-5-5高解析穿透式電子顯微鏡 46
3-5-6拉曼光譜量測 47
3-5-7光致發光光譜量測 49
第四章 結果與討論 50
4-1材料結構型態與光學特性分析 50
4-1-1 形貌分析 50
4-1-2 材料成分分析 52
4-1-3材料晶體結構分析 54
4-1-4穿透式電子顯微鏡分析 55
4-1-5元素分析分布圖與線掃描能譜 58
4-1-6光電子能譜分析 60
4-1-7拉曼光譜分析 63
4-1-8光致發光光譜 65
4-2 應用於染料敏化電池之討論 67
4-2-1染料敏化電池外貌 67
4-2-2 元件測量結果討論 69
第五章 結論 72
參考文獻 73

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