臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

不安全依附高中生依附內在運作模式之分析與比較研究
摘 要
本研究旨在探討不安全依高中生之依附內在運作模式，研究者以自編之「依附類型檢核表」初步篩選出不安全依附高中生六名，用研究者所設計之依附訪談大綱為工具進行深度訪談。訪談過程均予以錄音並做逐字稿以獲得研究資料。並以Collins & Read（1994）之「依附內在運作模式機轉」和Horney（1945）之「個案動力概念化模式」為架構進行個案分析、及不同個案間的異同比較。本研究結果發現：(1)受訪者A的依附內在運作模式為討好取悅型，（2）受訪者B的依附內在運作模式為討好取悅型，亞型為逃避遠離型，（3）受訪者C的依附內在運作模式為逃避遠離型和討好取悅型，（4）受訪者D的依附內在運作模式綜合了逃避遠離型、敵對反抗型和討好取悅型，（5）受訪者E的依附內在運作模式為敵對反抗型，亞型為逃避遠離型，（6）受訪者F的依附內在運作模式為敵對反抗型。（7）研究者比較不安全依附高中生依附內在運作模式之異同，研究者發現每位個體的依附內在運作模式都是獨特、複雜且穩定的，內在運作模式會形成一組層級網絡，早期發展出來的父母依附關係，會影響後續同儕依附關係的發展。因為依附成長經驗和環境背景不同，每位受訪者所呈現的依附內在運作模式也不同，所呈現的人際適應和行為困擾也不同。此外，這些不安全依附高中生大都有不良的父母依附、手足依附以及同儕依附，也傾向於有負向情緒。並且本研究發現依附類型的歸類工具有其限制，類型論的歸類有問題，不易找出典型的逃避遠離型，且受訪者存在跨類型的情形。最後，依據研究結果，提出對諮商實務工作者以及未來研究之建議。

關鍵字：依附關係、依附類型、依附內在運作模式

An Analysis and Comparison of Internal Working Model of Attachments of the Insecure Attachment Senior High School Students
Abstract

The major purpose of this study was to explore the internal working model of attachments of the insecure attachment senior high school students. Attachment type checklist, developed by the researcher, was preliminarily used to sift out six of the insecure attachment senior high school students. The process of interviewing was tape-recorded and copied down verbatim as researching materials. Then, case analysis, classification of types, and comparison among different types were conducted according to the framework developed by Collins and Read’s (1994) “Internal Working Model” and Horney’s (1945) “A Model for Conceptualizing Client Dynamic.” The findings of this study were as follows: First, the interviewee A’s internal working model of attachments belonged to the pleasing（moving toward others）type. Second, the interviewee B’s internal working model of attachments belonged to the pleasing type and secondarily the avoiding (moving away from others) type . Third, the interviewee C’s internal working model of attachments primarily belonged to the avoiding type and the pleasing type. Fourth, the interviewee D’s internal working model of attachments primarily belonged to the avoiding (moving away from others) type, the intimidating (moving against others) type and the pleasing type. Fifth, the interviewee E’s internal working model of attachments belonged to the intimidating type. Sixth, the interviewee F’s internal working model of attachments belonged to the intimidating type. Seventh, the researcher compared the differences of the interviewees’ internal working models of attachments. The researcher found that the interviewee’s internal working models of attachments were special, characteristic, complex and stable, and formed the hierarchical network of attachment representations. The early parenthood would influence the development of the brotherhood and the companionship. Because of the different grown-up experiences and backgrounds, the interviewees’ internal working models of attachments were different, and their problems in relationships and behaviors were different, too. Besides, the people of the three insecure types had the negative parenthood, brotherhood, and companionship. They tended to have negative feelings. This study also found that the tools of classifying attachment types had the limits because the attachment types can’t be clearly distinct. Besides, the theory of attachment types had problems because it was not easy to find the typical avoiding type and some interviewees had more than one attachment types. Last, the researcher advanced the suggestions for counselors and for future study.


Keywords: attachment relationship, attachment types, internal working model of attachments.

目 錄
第一章 緒 論
第一節 研究動機與目的……………………………………………1
第二節 研究問題……………………………………………………6
第三節 名詞釋義……………………………………………………6
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 依附理論.......…………………………………………8
第二節 依附內在運作模式…………………………………………23
第三節 青少年依附理論的相關研究.....................35
第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究取向..………………………………………………39
第二節 研究參與者................................40
第三節 研究工具…………………………………………………43
第四節 研究程序……………………………………………48
第五節 資料分析與處理……………………………………50
第六節 研究信度與效度……………………………………52
第七節 研究倫理……………………………………………53
第四章 結果與討論
第一節 不安全依附高中生A之依附內在運模式…………………55
第二節 不安全依附高中生B之依附內在運模式…………………63
第三節 不安全依附高中生C之依附內在運模式…………………72
第四節 不安全依附高中生D之依附內在運模式…………………88
第五節 不安全依附高中生E之依附內在運模式………………..104
第六節 不安全依附高中生F之依附內在運模式………………...117
第七節 不安全依附之高中生依附內在運作模式之比較………...123
第八節 研究者之成長與省思...........................135

第五章 結論與建議
第一節 結論..............................................140
第二節 建議......................................................144
參考文獻
中文部分…………………………………………………………149
英文部分……………………………………………………………164
附錄
附錄一 依附類型檢核表………………………………………….164
附錄二 研究邀請函.………………………………………………166
附錄三 訪談同意書…………….…………………………………167
附錄四 依附訪談大綱…….………………………………………168
附錄五 逐字稿謄寫同意書...........................169
附錄六 人際依附量表使用同意函......................170


表 目 次
表2-1-1 不同作者對不安全依附類型差異的比較…………………………20
表2-2-1 依附內在運作模式與防衛機轉之比較……………………………33
表 3-1-1 受訪者資料.....................................41
表3-1-2 受訪者主要的依附類型和所跨的其他依附類型............41
表3-1-3 依附類型檢核表各量尺題目..........................44
表3-1-4 受試者在依附類型檢核表各依附類型之相關係數一覽表.....45
表3-1-5 受試者在依附類型檢核表與人際風格依附量表各依附類型之相關45
表3-1-6 兩種工具各依附類型之人數和人數之百分比..............46
表3-1-7 兩個工具相同歸類的總百分比.........................47
表4-1-1 受訪者A之依附成長經驗.....................................................56
表4-2-1 受訪者B之依附成長經驗.............................64
表4-3-1 受訪者C之依附成長經驗...........................73
表4-4-1 受訪者D的依附成長經驗.............................89
表4-5-1 受訪者E之依附成長經驗............................104
表4-6-1 受訪者F之依附成長經驗............................118
表4-7-1 受訪者之早期父母依附關係........................124








圖 目 次
圖2-1-1 依附行為系統…………………………………………………9
圖2-1-2 成人依附類型圖……………………………………………………15
圖2-1-3 個案動力概念化模式…………………………………….......17
圖2-2-1 依附意象的層級網絡……………………………………………26
圖2-2-2 依附內在運作模式的機轉……………....................30
圖4-1-1 受訪者A之依附內在運作模式機轉…………………………57
圖4-1-2 受訪者A之動力概念化模式…………………..............61
圖4-2-1 受訪者B之依附內在運作模式機轉…………………………………65
圖4-2-2 受訪者B之動力概念化模式............................70
圖4-3-1 受訪者C之依附內在運作模式機轉......................74
圖4-3-2 受訪者C之動力概念化模式.....................................................................84
圖4-4-1 受訪者D之依附內在運作模式機轉............................................................91
圖4-4-2 受訪者D之動力概念化模式......................................................................100
圖4-5-1 受訪者E之依附內在運作模式機轉..........................................................106
圖4-5-2 受訪者E之動力概念化模式......................................................................114
圖4-6-1 受訪者F之依附內在運作模式機轉..........................................................119
圖4-6-2 受訪者F之動力概念化模式......................................................................122

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