臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來自閉症者人數急遽上升，雖然自閉症為一終生發展之疾病，過去研究多數只關注其孩童期，對其成年期發展目前仍缺乏瞭解。行為問題為自閉症者常見之問題，對生活中多層面帶來負面影響；因此，瞭解影響成人自閉症者行為問題之形成原因是不可忽略的。根據過去調查結果發現，感覺過度反應、焦慮亦是自閉症共存之兩大症狀。基於此三項現象於自閉症之高發生率，能合理推論同一位自閉症者可能同時出現上述三種症狀。過去研究分別探討兩種症狀之間的關係，但此三項現象之間相關性仍待進一步釐清。本研究以橫斷性研究設計，旨在探討成人自閉症者之感覺過度反應、焦慮與行為問題之間的相關性。本研究共招募63位年齡位於18至25歲之成人自閉症者之主要照顧者，請他們協助填寫成人自閉症者基本資料、青少年/成人感覺處理能力剖析量表-中文版、廣泛性焦慮量表-中文版、獨立行為量表修訂版之行為問題量表-中文版。數據以SPSS 21進行資料分析，以皮爾森相關係數確認變項之間關係。研究結果顯示，焦慮與感覺過度反應、行為問題皆有顯著正相關，但感覺過度反應與行為問題之間無顯著相關。細看感覺過度反應之兩象度-感覺敏感與感覺逃避，皆與焦慮呈顯著正相關，但兩者皆與行為問題之內在、外在症狀無顯著相關。此外，行為問題之內在、外在症狀皆與焦慮呈顯著正相關。然而，皮爾森相關係數亦顯示，受試者是否服用精神科藥物影響了感覺過度反應、焦慮與行為問題之間的關係。本研究發現，部分有行為問題之成人自閉症者也會對感覺刺激有過度、較誇張之反應，且會有較嚴重之焦慮症狀。服用精神科藥物也可能幫助成人自閉症者降低對感覺刺激之反應、協助調節情緒。本研究建議臨床治療者介入行為問題時，使用藥物治療減少行為問題的出現，亦應考量成人自閉症者之感覺處理、焦慮情形，以提供全面性行為介入。

The number of individuals known to have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased dramatically. Although ASD is a lifelong condition, a majority of the studies still focus on the pediatric population; therefore, little is known about individuals with ASD in their later developmental stages, including emerging adulthood. With the highly prevailing rate of problem behaviors, which could severely impact several aspects of one's life, understand its underlying mechanism controlling problem behavior in adults with ASD is reasonably substantial. In addition, sensory over-responsivity and anxiety are also frequently co-occurred in adults with ASD. Given the high proportion of these three conditions in individuals with ASD, it is logical to infer that sensory over-responsivity, anxiety and problem behaviors may all exhibit in one individual. While previous studies have indicated the relationships among these conditions, their connections are still needed to be clarified. In the present study, we examined the relationships among sensory over-responsivity, anxiety, and problem behaviors in emerging adults with ASD, using a cross-sectional study design. This project included a sample of 63 emerging adults with ASD. The primary caregiver of the adult with ASD completed the background information questionnaire, Adult Sensory Profile – Chinese version, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7– Chinese version, and the Problem Behavior Scale of Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21. Pearson correlations were used to examine the relationships among these variables. In bivariate correlations, anxiety was significantly correlated to both sensory over-responsivity and problem behaviors, but there was no significant association between sensory over-responsivity and problem behaviors. The two types of sensory over-responsivity behaviors, sensory sensitivity, and sensation avoiding, were both significantly correlated to anxiety, but not to the internalizing and externalizing symptoms of problem behaviors. In addition, the internalizing and externalizing symptoms were significantly associated with anxiety. However, Pearson correlation analysis revealed that taking/not-taking psychoactive medication presented different patterns of sensory processing, anxiety, and problem behaviors. These results indicated that some adults with ASD showing problem behaviors might also report more exaggerate responses toward sensory inputs, and experience more severe anxiety symptoms. Moreover, the use of psychoactive medication could be a factor lowering hyper-responsivity to sensory stimuli and emotional processing and regulation. The findings suggest that we may not overlook the role of psychoactive medication for treating problem behaviors in adults with ASD, but provide more knowledge for developing adjuvant therapeutic interventions that manage individual symptoms and overall problems.

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
Acknowledgement V
Table of Contents VI
List of Tables VIII
List of Figures IX
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1. AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER 4
2.2. SENSORY OVER-RESPONSIVITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ASD 5
2.3. ANXIETY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ASD 8
2.4. PROBLEM BEHAVIORS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ASD 8
2.5. SENSORY OVER-RESPONSIVITY, ANXIETY, AND PROBLEM BEHAVIORS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ASD 10
CHAPTER 3 METHODS 13
3.1 ETHICS STATEMENT 13
3.2 PARTICIPANTS 13
3.3 MEASUREMENTS 13
3.3.1 Demographic Information 13
3.3.2 Adult Sensory Profile - Chinese version (ASP) 14
3.3.3 Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 - Chinese version (GAD-7) 15
3.3.4 The Problem Behavior Scale of Scales of Independent Behavior - Revised (SIB-R) 15
3.4 PROCEDURE 16
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS 16
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 18
4.1 SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS 18
4.2 SENSORY OVER-RESPONSIVITY AND ANXIETY 19
4.3 ANXIETY AND PROBLEM BEHAVIORS 19
4.4 SENSORY OVER-RESPONSIVITY AND PROBLEM BEHAVIORS 19
4.5 SENSORY OVER-RESPONSIVITY, ANXIETY, AND PROBLEM BEHAVIORS 20
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION 21
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS 27
REFERENCE 28

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