臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

厭氧膜生物反應器 (AnMBRs)被廣泛應用，其結合厭氧生物處理和膜過濾程序，可作為廢水處理和回水的有吸引力的選擇。近年來，將正滲透(FO)整合到厭氧生物處理(An-OsMBR)以滲透壓作為驅動力的新興技術得到了重視，無需額外的外部壓力即可取得乾淨的水。與AnMBR相比，由於FO膜的孔徑較小能有效地增進有機物和營養鹽的去除效率。磷為不可再生資源且具有不可替代性，若含磷廢水未能有效處理，不僅造成環境的污染更是對於資源的浪費，因此可藉由An-OsMBR高截留的特性回收廢水中的磷。
本研究以新型浸沒式厭氧滲透膜生物反應器結合MF程序，評估從廢水中進行乾淨的水和磷回收的可行性，並以不同負荷合成廢水進行兩階段操作。使用實驗室規模An-OsMBR，將CTA-NW膜製成兩管式膜於控溫為30℃的生物反應器中，其有效膜面積分別為270 cm2和351 cm2，並以活性層面向反應槽的污泥，以利膜污染達最小化。使用MgSO4作為驅動液 (DS)，以MF程序濾出1 L濾液回收磷，同時控制生物反應器中的鹽度積累。整個操作實驗平均水通量為1.27 LMH，而COD和PO43-去除率大於98％，NH4+僅達到部分的去除，甲烷產量為0.24 L/g COD且產量不受鹽度累積所影響，藉由將MF濾液的 pH 調整至鹼性環境下，pH越高對於磷回收效率則越好。
由整體性能可知本研究之An-OsMBR系統具有同時進行廢水處理和資源回收的潛力。因此，該系統的新概念可以用於替代傳統的AnMBR。

Recently, anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) has been widely utilized, which combines anaerobic biological treatment process and membrane filtration that can be presented as an attractive option for wastewater treatment and water reclamation. In recent years, forward osmosis (FO) has been gained attention as an emerging technology that utilizes osmotic pressure as driving force to extract clean water without additional external pressure. In comparison with AnMBR, the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus were improved effectively due to small pore size of FO membrane. Moreover, anaerobic bioreactor with FO membrane (An-OsMBR) can retain the concentrate organic matters and nutrients. Although phosphorus is a non-renewable resource, the high amount of phosphorus could be recovered by An-OsMBR due to the high rejection property of FO membrane.
In this study, the performance of novel submerged anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor integrated with periodic microfiltration (MF) extraction for simultaneous phosphorus and clean water recovery from wastewater was evaluated. A laboratory-scale An-OsMBR used cellulose triacetate (CTA-NW) membranes with effective membrane area of 270 cm2 and 351 cm2 was fully submerged into a 5 L bioreactor at 30℃. Active layer was orientated to feed stream for minimizing membrane fouling and scaling. Additionally, a peristaltic pump was used to circulate magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) solution applied as draw solution (DS). Microfiltration membrane periodically extracted about 1 L solution to recover phosphorus and simultaneously control the salt accumulation in the bioreactor.
During experiment progress, the average water flux was around 1.27 LMH. The An-OsMBR process showed greater than 99% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nearly 100% of total phosphorous whereas only partial of ammonia was removed. On the other hand, the methane production of 0.24 L/g COD was obtained.
Subsequently, the overall performance demonstrates that a novel submerged An-OsMBR system is potential for simultaneous wastewater treatment and resource recovery from wastewater. Therefore, the new concept of this system can be used to replace for the conventional AnMBR in the future.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
致謝 v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究內容 3
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 厭氧生物處理之基本原理及特性 5
2.1.1 好氧與厭氧生物處理系統之比較 5
2.1.2 厭氧處理之生化反應機制 8
2.1.3 厭氧系統需求條件 10
2.2 薄膜生物反應器介紹 12
2.2.1 MBR原理 12
2.2.2 MBR類型及過濾原理 13
2.2.3 薄膜種類 15
2.3 正滲透(Forward Osmosis)介紹 18
2.3.1 正滲透程序基本原理與特性 18
2.3.2 正滲透之應用 20
2.3.3 正滲透之濃度極化現象 22
2.4 滲透膜生物反應器(OsMBR)介紹及特性 24
2.4.1 滲透膜生物反應器之研究成果 25
第三章 實驗方法與設備 29
3.1 實驗內容 29
3.1.1 實驗步驟 31
3.2 實驗材料與設備 33
3.2.1 實驗藥品 33
3.2.2 實驗設備 34
3.3 實驗分析與方法 36
3.3.1 化學需氧量(COD)分析方法 36
3.3.2 水中氨氮分析方法-1 37
3.3.3 水中氨氮分析方法-2 38
3.3.4 水中磷酸鹽分析方法 39
3.3.5 鎂離子檢測分析方法 40
3.3.6 水中懸浮固體檢測方法 41
3.3.7 掃描式電子顯微鏡分析原理 42
3.3.8 滲透壓分析儀分析原理 43
3.3.9 螢光激發/發散陣列光譜儀 44
3.3.10 相位差顯微鏡分析原理 45
第四章 結果與討論 46
4.1 厭氧滲透膜生物反應器之效能 46
4.1.1 水通量及鹽度累積之變化 46
4.1.2 有機物之去除率 49
4.1.3 PO43-和NH4+之去除率 50
4.1.4 甲烷產量 52
4.2 薄膜阻塞之情形 53
4.3 磷回收 57
第五章 結論與建議 61
5.1 結論 61
5.2 建議 62
參考文獻 63
附錄一 70

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