臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

油浸式電力變壓器需承受長時間高電壓、大電流、運轉溫昇及電磁力、機械力等衝擊。發生故障容易造成大範圍用戶的停電及重大之損失，而且本身之價格也相當昂貴。維持電力變壓器的正常運轉，甚至進一步延長變壓器運轉壽命是相當重要的。良好的變壓器維護機制，並藉由試驗及診斷技術來評估變壓器老化程度，可以了解此變壓器目前狀態，並即時針對各個情況採取反應措施。
本論文主要針對變壓器絕緣油中之成份及相關資訊可用以評估絕緣紙老化壽命，該等成份或相關資訊包括：糠醛、氣體（CO2, CO）、負載量、最熱點溫度、水分、介質損失等因素，分別探討其與絕緣紙老化之關係。依據標準與文獻發現糠醛、水汽及油中最熱點溫度等對變壓器絕緣壽命估測有較好之診斷。接著提出常見之評估絕緣油老化壽命之方法，並比較各方法之差異。利用老化試驗得出之相關數據：糠醛值、一氧化碳、二氧化碳等影響因數，來量化變壓器的壽命損失。並以類神經網路為基礎，獲得各影響因數與變壓器老化之關連性。透過二輸入與四輸入變數評估模式，將變壓器老化年數，作為類神經網路的輸出，經過網路學習訓練完成後，利用已訓練完成之模式來估測變壓器老化壽命損失。

Oil-immersed power transformer needs to endure for an extended period of time high voltage, high current, temperature rise, and the impacts of electromagnetic and mechanical forces, and any malfunction may lead to large-scale power outages and other drastic losses. Oil-immersed power transformer is also highly expensive. It is therefore of crucial importance to keep the transformer in normal operation and to prolong its service life. Using effective maintenance mechanism and test-diagnostic techniques to measure the aging degree of a power transformer helps trace the current status of the power transformer and enables the operator to initiate proper responses to contingencies and irregularities.
The study accordingly aims at measuring the aging life of insulation paper by examining the elements and related parameters in transformer oil. The relationships between aging of insulation paper and major elements of transformer oil, notably furan, dissolved gases (CO2, CO), loading, hot-spot, temperature, moisture, and dielectric loss, are analyzed. Based on the standard and literature review, furan, moisture, and hot-spot temperature of oil help provide better diagnostic results. The study then proceeds to examine the methods frequently used to evaluate the aging life of transformer oil and compare the differences between the various methods. Obtained figures related to major affecting factors like furan, CO2, and CO are adopted to quantify the life loss of power transformer. Artificial neural network (ANN) is further applied to identify and examine the correlations between the aging of power transformer and affecting factors. Using two- and four-input-variable assessment models, the study has the functions of transformer life loss served as the ANN outputs to facilitate network training. The trained model is then used to measure and forecast the life loss of aging power transformers.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究方法與目的 3
1.4 論文主要貢獻 4
1.5 論文內容架構 4
第二章 電力變壓器介紹 6
2.1 變壓器主要構造 6
2.2 變壓器絕緣系統 8
2.2.1 絕緣油 8
2.2.2 絕緣紙 10
2.2.2.1 絕緣紙之機械特性 11
2.2.2.2 絕緣紙之電氣特性 12
第三章 變壓器絕緣老化評估 15
3.1 變壓器絕緣老化簡介 15
3.2 評估絕緣紙老化程度之主要參數 17
3.2.1 油中糠醛 17
3.2.2 油中氣體(CO、CO2) 24
3.2.3 負載量 26
3.2.4 繞組溫昇 27
3.2.5 水分 28
3.3 其他與變壓器老化程度相關之參數 34
3.3.1 介質損失(tanδ) 34
3.3.2 頻率響應分析變壓器繞組 37
3.3.3 激磁電流、匝比與線圈直流電阻試驗 42
3.3.4 絕緣電阻與吸收比試驗 43
第四章 變壓器的絕緣老化壽命估測 45
4.1 變壓器壽命損失之定義 45
4.2 各標準中所定義之變壓器老化率及損失壽命估測 47
4.2.1 IEEE Std.C57.100-1999 47
4.2.2 IEEE Std C57.91-2002 48
4.2.3 IEC60076-7 53
4.3 利用聚合度來推測變壓器殘餘壽命 57
4.4 利用最熱點溫度及油中含水量推測變壓器壽命 60
4.5 本章小結 63
第五章 類神經網路理論 66
5.1 類神經網路簡介 66
5.2 類神經元的模型與架構 67
5.3 倒傳遞神經網路 70
5.3.1 倒傳遞演算法則 72
5.3.2 倒傳遞網路之參數選擇 75
第六章 實際變壓器老化壽命估測 77
6.1 研究案例介紹 77
6.2 二輸入變數類神經網路評估變壓器壽命損失 79
6.3 四輸入變數類神經網路評估變壓器壽命損失 94
6.2 本章小結 98
第七章 結論與未來方向 100
7.1 結論 100
7.2 未來研究方向 101
參考文獻 102
作者簡介 106

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