臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

替罪羊的原型最初源自於舊約聖經，其意思是為了承擔他人之過錯而犧牲自已。替罪羊的原型含義包括犧牲，淨化和救贖。但在現代世界中，替罪羊的含義已經有所改變。根據牛津字典，替罪羊的意思為：「承擔他人造成的不當行為、失誤、錯誤，或是在特定情況中成為權宜之計之下的犧牲品」。本論文旨在探討柯慈的《屈辱》中的三位主要角色：大衛、露西與貝德路斯如何被詮釋為替罪羊。白人頒布的種族隔離政策所遺留的衝突和創傷早已根深蒂固的種在黑人心中，而黑人則在種族隔離政策之後試圖找尋機會對白人釋放心中的憤怒和暴力。文中每位角色對替罪羊皆有不同解釋。本研究採用勒內吉拉德在《替罪羊》一書中所提出的替罪羊概念。藉由此理論可了解迫害者的動機，選擇替罪羊的標準，公眾的意見及替罪羊自身的反應。

The archetype of the scapegoat comes from the Old Testament as one who takes on the sins of others or sacrifices himself for others. The archetypal meanings of the scapegoat include sacrifice, purification and salvation. But in the modern world, the meaning of the scapegoat has changed somewhat. According to Oxford Online English Dictionary, the definition refers to “a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others, especially for reasons of expediency.” This thesis focuses on the interpretation of the main characters, David, Lucy, and Petrus and a trio of blacks who rape Lucy as scapegoats in J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace (1999). The seeds of discord from apartheid and deep-rooted trauma were long ago planted in the hearts of blacks, who sought release in anger and violence. The study makes use of the ideas of René Girard in his book The Scapegoat (1989). An analysis of the stereotypes he introduces brings understanding about motives of the persecutor, the standards for choosing the scapegoat, the public’s mind and the scapegoat’s reaction.

Abstract
Chapter One: Introduction
A. The Background of Disgrace
B. Introduction of J. M. Coetzee
C. Coetzee’s Disgrace
D. Literature Review
E. The Introduction of Scapegoat
F. Chapter Divisions
Chapter Two: David as Predator and Victim
A. David as Predator/Victimizer of Women
B. David as a Racial Victimizer
C. David as a Victim of the University Committee Hearing
D. David as a Victim of Racial Hatred
Chapter Three: Lucy as Victim and Scapegoat
A. Lucy’s Personality and Background
B. Lucy’s Relationship With Petrus
C. Lucy and David’s Interpretation of Reading the Ritual of Scapegoating
D. The Signs of Victim Lucy Bears
Chapter Four: Blacks as Victims and Victimizers
A. Blacks as Victims of Apartheid
B. Petrus as a Potential Victim
C. Blacks as Victimizers
Chapter Five: Conclusion
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